ECRIS2010 - List of Keywords (ion-source)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOCOAK01	SECRAL Status and First Beam Test at 24GHz	ion, ECR, heavy-ion, plasma	1
	H.W. Zhao, Y. Cao, Y.C. Feng, X.H. Guo, J.Y. Li, W. Lu, L.T. Sun, D. Xie, X.Z. Zhang, H. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	SECRAL has been in routine operation at 18GHz for HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) accelerator complex since May 2007. It has delivered many highly charged heavy ion beams for the HIRFL accelerator and the total beam time so far has exceeded 3000 hours. To further enhance the SECRAL performance, a 24GHz/7kW gyrotron microwave amplifier has been installed and tested. Very exciting results were produced with quite a few new record highly-charged ion beam intensities. Bremstrahlung measurements at 24GHz have shown that X-ray is much stronger at higher RF frequency, higher RF power and higher minimum B field. Beam emittance study has been conducted in order to improve the beam brightness. An additional cryostat with five GM cryocoolers was installed atop the SECRAL to liquefy the boil-off helium gas to minimize the liquid helium consumption. The latest results and reliable long-term operation for the accelerator have once again demonstrated that SECRAL is one of the best performance ECR ion source for the production of highly-charged heavy ion beams. Detailed and future developments of SECRAL will be presented.
	Slides MOCOAK01 [4.739 MB]

MOCOAK02	Intense Beam Production with SuSI	ion, ECR, ECRIS, plasma	4
	L.T. Sun, J. Brandon, D.G. Cole, M. Doleans, G. Machicoane, D. Morris, T. Ropponen, L. Tobos NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA E. Pozdeyev FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	SuSI ion source, a 3rd generation fully superconducting ECR ion source is now used for injection into the Coupled Cyclotron Facility since September 2009. Initial performances during the commissioning of SuSI were mainly limited by the microwave power available from a single 18 GHz microwave amplifier, especially for the production of heavier ion beams. The Injection of SuSI was modified to add a second 18 GHz amplifier, to reach a maximum of 3.0 kW of RF power inside the plasma chamber. Production of heavy ion beams, such as Kr¹⁴⁺, Bi³⁰⁺ and U³³⁺ is reported, to demonstrate the performance of SuSI. Additional studies were made with various ion source parameters to optimize the beam intensity within a normalized emittance of 0.9pi.mm.mrad as needed for the FRIB project and will be reported in this paper.
	Slides MOCOAK02 [1.672 MB]

MOCOAK03	Status of RIKEN SC-ECRIS	ion, ECR, ECRIS, heavy-ion	8
	T. Nakagawa, Y. Higurashi, J. Ohnishi RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan T. Aihara, M. Tamura SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
	To increase the beam intensity of highly charged heavy ions for RIKEN RIBF project, we constructed and tested RIKEN new SC-ECRIS. After obtaining the first beam in the spring of 2009, we tried to optimize the ion source condition for maximizing the beam intensity with 18GHz microwave. In this experiment, we intensively studied the effect of the magnetic field gradient and ECR zone size on the beam intensity. In this experiment, it was clearly seen that the gentler field gradient and lager ECR zone size give higher beam intensity. Based on these studies, we produced 550μA of Ar¹¹⁺ and 350μA of Ar¹²⁺ at the RF power of 1.8kW. In this summer, we will try use the 28GHz microwaves to increase the beam intensity. In this contribution, we present the structure of the SC-ECRIS and the results of test experiments with 18 GHz microwave in detail. We also present the future plan to increase the beam intensity.
	Slides MOCOAK03 [2.366 MB]

MOCOAK04	Status of the VENUS ECR Ion Source	ion, ECR, plasma, cyclotron	11
	D. Leitner, P. Ferracin, A. Hodgkinson, M. Leitner, T.J. Loew, C.M. Lyneis, G.L. Sabbi LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA G. Machicoane, E. Pozdeyev NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The fully superconducting 28-GHz VENUS ECR ion source serves as prototype injector for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) project at Michigan State University (MSU) as well as injector ion source for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). As such the source has produced many record beams of high charge state as well as high-intensity, medium charge state ions. As the FRIB project has now entered the preliminary design phase, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is involved in the design of two new VENUS-like ECR injector ion sources for the FRIB facility. This paper will review the requirements for the FRIB injector, and present VENUS cryostat design changes which will allow installation on a 100 kV platform. In addition, a possible future upgrade path for the FRIB injector using an advanced Nb3Sn magnet structure is described. In 2008, at LBNL the VENUS ECR ion source experienced a major setback when one of the sextupole leads evaporated during a quench caused by a low liquid helium level in the cryostat. The repair process and the long reconstruction effort as well as the status of the reinstallation will be described.
	Slides MOCOAK04 [4.180 MB]

MOCOBK01	ECR Ion Sources for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) Project at Michigan State University	ion, ECR, linac, emittance	14
	G. Machicoane, M. Doleans, O.K. Kester, T. Ropponen, L.T. Sun, X. Wu NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA D. Leitner LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA E. Pozdeyev, E. Tanke FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by US DOE Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 Once operational, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will open the possibility to gain key understanding in nuclear science and in particular regarding the properties of nuclei far from the valley of stability or the nuclear processes in the universe. In addition it will also allow experimenters to test fundamental symmetries. The production of rare isotopes with FRIB will be achieved, using a heavy ion driver linac that will accelerate a stable isotope beam to 200 MeV/u and deliver it on a fragmentation target. FRIB aims to reach a primary beam power of 400 kW for light to heavy elements up to Uranium. To meet the intensity requirement two high performance ECR ion sources operating at 28 GHz will be used to produce high intensity of medium to high charge state ion beams. Plans regarding initial beam production with the ECR ion sources and beam transport through the front end will be discussed.
	Slides MOCOBK01 [3.259 MB]

MOCOBK02	Present Status of FLNR (JINR) ECR Ion Sources	ion, cyclotron, ECR, injection	17
	S.L. Bogomolov, V.B. Bekhterev, V.M. Drobin, A. Efremov, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, V.V. Seleznev, Yu. Yazvitsky JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
	Six ECR ion sources have been operated in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR). Two 14 GHz ECR ion sources (ECR4M and DECRIS-2) supply various ion species for the U400 and U400M cyclotrons correspondingly for experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei using ion beams of stable and radioactive isotopes. The 18 GHz DECRIS-SC ion source with superconducting magnet system produce ions from Ar up to W for solid state physics experiments and polymer membrane fabrication at the CI-100 cyclotron. The third 14 GHz ion source DECRIS-4 with “flat” minimum of the axial magnetic field is used as a stand alone machine for test experiments and also for experiments on ion modification of materials. The other two compact ECR ion sources with all permanent magnet configuration have been developed for the production of single charged ions and are used at the DRIBs installation and at the MASHA mass-spectrometer. In this paper, present status of the ion sources, recent developments and plans for modernization are reported. Also the results of the preliminary test of the DECRIS-SC2 ECR source will be presented.
	Slides MOCOBK02 [11.671 MB]

MOCOBK03	Status of Ion Sources at HIMAC	ion, ECR, plasma, radiation	20
	A. Kitagawa, M. Muramatsu, Y. Sakamoto NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan S. Biri ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary A.G. Drentje KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands T.F. Fujita National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan T. Sakuma, N. Sasaki, T. Sasano, W. Takasugi AEC, Chiba, Japan
	Since 1994, heavy-ion radiotherapy using carbon ions is successfully carried out with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). Over 5000 cancer patients have already been treated with 140-400 MeV/u carbon beams. These clinical results have clearly verified the advantages of carbon ion. The ion source needs to realize a stable beam with the same conditions for daily operation. Maintenance is restricted to once per year. However, the deposition of carbon on the wall of the plasma chamber is normally unavoidable. This causes an ‘anti-wall-coating effect’, i.e. a decreasing of the beam (typically 50 % after a few months of operation), especially for the higher charge-state ions due to the surface material of the wall. The ion source has - even in this bad condition – still to produce a sufficiently intense and stable beam. We summarize our experience during 16 years of operation and show the scope for further developments. HIMAC is dedicated to radiotherapy, but it has as a second essential task to operate as a facility for physicist users. In that scope it accelerates many ion species for basic experiments. In order to serve all HIMAC users at best, the extension of the range of ion species is an important subject in ion source development. For example, in order to increase the ECRIS-beam intensity for heavier ions, microwave is applied at different frequencies by a traveling wave tube amplifier and….?
	Slides MOCOBK03 [2.780 MB]

MOCOCK01	PK-ISIS: a New Superconducting ECR Ion Source at Pantechnik	permanent-magnet, ion, extraction, ECR	26
	A.C.C. Villari, C. Bieth, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, X. Donzel, G. Gaubert, R. Leroy, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble, France
	The new ECR ion source PK-ISIS was recently commissioned at Pantechnik. Three superconducting coils generate the axial magnetic field configuration while the radial magnetic field is done with multi-layer permanent magnets. Special care was devoted in the design of the hexapolar structure, allowing a maximum magnetic field of 1.32 T at the wall of the 82 mm diameter plasma chamber. The three superconducting coils using Low Temperature Superconducting wires are cooled by a single double stage cryo-cooler (4.2 K). Cryogen-free technology is used, providing reliability, easy maintenance at low cost. The maximum installed RF power (18.0 GHz) is of 2 kW. Metallic beams can be produced with an oven (Tmax = 1400 °C) installed with an angle of 5° with respect to the source axis or a sputtering system, mounted in the axis of the source. The beam extraction system is constituted of three electrodes in accel-decel configuration. Description of the source and results of the magnetic measurements will be given. Performances of the source in terms of beam intensities and charge states distribution will be presented.
	Slides MOCOCK01 [3.226 MB]

MOCOCK02	3D Simulation Studies and Optimization of Magnetic Holes of HTS-ECRIS for Improving the Extraction Efficiency and Intensities of Highly Charged Ions	plasma, ion, ECR, extraction	27
	G. Rodrigues, R.N. Dutt, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, Y. Mathur, U.K. Rao, A. Roy IUAC, New Delhi, India R. Baskaran IGCAR, Channai, India
	3D simulation studies using RADIA code have been performed to optimise the magnetic holes in high temperature superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (HTS-ECRIS) ion source for improving the extraction efficiency and intensities of highly charged ions. The magnetic field improvements using simple techniques like optimisation of iron regions is found to be economical. The extraction efficiency can be increased three-fold in the case of a hexapole magnet depending on the level of the uniformity of the fields in the high and low regions. This technique further minimises localized heating of the plasma chamber walls which can improve the vacuum conditions in an ECR ion source. For superconducting sources where the x-ray heat load poses severe problems during operation, such a reduction of heating load is of great significance. The typical triangular pattern of the plasma impact observed on the plasma electrode of HTS ECRIS at various tuning conditions are reproduced by the simulations. Details of the simulations and experimental results will be presented.
	Slides MOCOCK02 [2.925 MB]

MOCOCK04	Measurement of the Sixty GHz ECR Ion Source using Megawatt Magnets - SEISM Magnetic Field Map	resonance, extraction, injection, ECR	33
	M. Marie-Jeanne, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, L. Latrasse LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France F. Debray, J. Matera, R. Pfister, C. Trophime GHMFL, Grenoble, France
	LPSC has developed a prototype of 60GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Source called SEISM. The first 60GHz magnetic structure is based on a cusp geometry, using resistive polyhelix coils designed in collaboration with the Intense Magnetic Fields National Laboratory (LNCMI). A dedicated test bench helices coils in their tanks, electrical, and water cooling environment was built to study the mechanics, thermal behaviour and magnetic field characteristics obtained at various current levels. During the last months, measurements were performed for several magnetic configurations, with up to 7000A applied on the injection/extraction coils set. The magnetic field achieved at 13000A is expected to allow 28GHz ECR condition. However, cavitation issues that appeared around 7000A are to be solved before carrying on with the tests. This contribution will recall some of the crucial steps in the prototype fabrication, and show preliminary results from the measurements at 7000A. Possible explanations for the discrepancies observed between the results and the simulation will be given.
	Slides MOCOCK04 [3.243 MB]

MOPOT001	Operation of KeiGM for the Carbon Ion Therapy Facility at Gunma University	ion, extraction, heavy-ion, vacuum	40
	M. Muramatsu, S. Hojo, A. Kitagawa NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan Y. Kijima Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe, Japan H. Miyazaki, K. Sawada, T. Ueno SHI, Ehime, Japan K. Torikai, S. Yamada Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan M. Tsuchiyama, S. Ueda Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy Systems Centre, Kobe, Japan
	Carbon-ion radiotherapy has been carried out at Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Centre (GHMC) since March 2010. A compact ECR ion source for GHMC, so-called KeiGM, supplies C⁴⁺ ions for treatment. A microwave source with the traveling-wave-tube was adopted for KeiGM, with a frequency range and maximum power of 9.75 - 10.25 GHz and 750 W, respectively. KeiGM was operated from March to May 2010 for the clinical trial without any trouble and maintenance. KeiGM supplied the carbon ions from 7:30 in the morning to 0:00 midnight on weekdays. Sometimes it was operated for the beam tuning of accelerator on Saturday and Sunday too. The operation time of KeiGM for two months was about 780 hours. Although the beam intensity decreased by 20% at first, it has been constant for the last two months. The beam intensity of C⁴⁺ was 200 euA at 30 kV extraction in May 2010. The fluctuation of beam intensity was less than 10%. The operation parameters were as follows; the microwave frequency and power were 10.042 GHz and 300 W, respectively. CH4 gas was fed, and the gas flowrate was 0.054 cc/min. The extraction voltage was 30 kV. The repetition frequency and pulse width were 0.36 Hz and 50 msec, respectively. Gunma University has successfully treated the first 12 patients for the clinical trial, thus the Japanese Ministry of Health and Labor Welfare approved GHMC as “advanced medicine”. We will report the operation of KeiGM and the status of their daily treatment.
	Poster MOPOT001 [2.685 MB]

MOPOT003	Study of Potential Application of Compact ECRIS to Analytical System	ion, ECR, plasma, permanent-magnet	46
	M. Kidera RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan S. Enomoto Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan S. Kishi, Y. Seto National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan T. Nagamatsu, T. Tanaka Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Engineering Division I, Tokyo, Japan K. Takahashi RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
	A place of an activity of ECR ion sources is not only ion source on a heavy ion accelerator facility. A highly ionization efficiency, flexibility of ionized sample, low consumption rate in sample, and non-equilibrium ECR plasma, etc. that a ECR ion source have, may be needed in other fields at time. We have developed several kinds of small ECRISs that have customized for the analysis. The purposes of the analysis are, precise measurement of isotope ratio of a metal element, detection of chemical warfare agents, and detection of produced molecular (or fragment) ions by the ECR plasma. In this workshop, we will report the compact ECRISs by a permanent magnet type for the analytical system.
	Poster MOPOT003 [3.320 MB]

MOPOT004	Neutralisation of Accelerated Ions and Detection of Resulting Neutrals	ion, ECR, simulation, acceleration	49
	T. Peleikis, L. Panitzsch, M. Stalder IEAP, Kiel, Germany
	At the University of Kiel, the Department of Experimental and Applied Physics is running an ECR ion source in order to, amongst others, calibrate space instruments designed to measure solar wind properties and suprathermal particles. The ion source is able to produce medium to highly charged ions which are then accelerated by an electrostatic field up to 400keV per charge. In order to extend the particle spectrum from ions to neutral atoms we are planning to install a device for the beam particle neutralisation. It will be used to calibrate instruments which measure neutral particles. This device will be located downstream from the sector magnet and the acceleration-stage. The sector magnet separates the ions by their m/q ratio. This way the type and the energy of the ions can be determined before the neutralisation. Neutralisation can be achieved either by passing the ions through a thin carbon foil (thickness ~88nm) or through a gastarget (thickness ~6mm, pressure ~0.1mbar) where charge-exchange occur. The remaining ions behind the neutraliser will be suppressed by an electrostatic separator. Both methods will alter the beam properties and lead to a divergence in energy and an angular spread of the beam. Simulations regarding these effects will be discussed. The overall progress on this project will be presented.
	Poster MOPOT004 [1.776 MB]

MOPOT005	High Current Production with 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source	ion, extraction, ECR, plasma	50
	A. Coly, T. Lamy, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France G. Gaubert, A.C.C. Villari PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
	A new test bench has been installed at LPSC dedicated to 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Sources characterization. Several magnetic structures have been tested around the same plasma cavity. For example, a current density of 70 mA/cm² has been measured with the MONO1000 source lent by GANIL. An original ECRIS, named SPEED (for 'Source d'ions à aimants PErmanents et Extraction Dipôlaire'), presenting a dipolar magnetic field at the extraction will also be presented.
	Poster MOPOT005 [3.130 MB]

MOPOT006	Ionization Efficiency of a COMIC Ion Source Equipped With a Quartz Plasma Chamber	ion, plasma, target, injection	51
	P. Suominen, T. Stora CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J. Médard, P. Sortais LPSC, Grenoble, France
	The ISOLDE facility at CERN produces a wide range of radioactive ion beams due to a long history on target and ion source development. Because the radioactive isotope production is very limited, the most important ion source parameters are high ionization efficiency, selectivity and reliable operation under intense radiation. Currently used ion sources (mainly laser (RILIS [1]) and arc discharge -type ion sources (VADIS [2]) do not efficiently ionize light noble gases, such as helium, and molecules, such as CO, N₂ and NO. These beams were previously planned to be produced with 1+ ECR ion sources operating at 2.45 GHz (for example MINIMONO [3]) but due to new and more efficient RF coupling of COMIC-type ion sources [4], we expect to advance in 2.45 GHz ECRIS utilization for radioactive beam production. The new COMIC source designed by LPSC, Grenoble incorporates special features such as a plasma chamber fully made of quartz (Q-COMIC). This should provide chemically good conditions for molecular ion beam production, especially for carbon. This paper presents the first ionization efficiency measurements of the Q-COMIC. [1] V.N. Fedosseev, et al, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 266/19-20 (2008) 4378. [2] PhD thesis, univ. polyt. Bucarest, L. Penescu (2009). [3] F. Wenander, W. Farabolini, G. Gaubert, P. Jardin, J. Lettry, Nucl. Phys. A, 746 (2004) 659. [4] P. Sortais, T. Lamy, J. Médard, J. Angot, L. Latrasse, and T. Thuillier, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (2010) 02B314.
	Poster MOPOT006 [0.697 MB]

MOPOT014	The Design of 28 GHz ECR Ion Source for the Compact Linear Accelerator in Korea	ion, ECRIS, extraction, ECR	67
	M. Won, B.S. Lee Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
	The construction of a compact linear accelerator is in progress by Korea Basic Science Institute. The main capability of this facility is the production of multiply ionized metal clusters and the generation more intense beams of highly charged ions for material, medical and nuclear physical research. To produce the intense beam of highly charged ions, we will construct an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) using 28 GHz microwaves. For this ECRIS, The design of a superconducting magnet, microwave inlet, beam extraction and plasma chamber was completed. Also we are constructing a superconducing magnet system. In this presentation, we will report the current status of development of our 28 GHz ECRIS.
	Poster MOPOT014 [3.823 MB]

MOPOT015	The Design Study of Superconducting Magnet System for an Advanced ECR Ion Source	superconducting-magnet, ECRIS, ion, ECR	68
	B.S. Lee, M. Won Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work was supported by KBSI grant (D30300) to M.S.Won The Korea Basic Science Institute is developing a superconducting magnet system for 28 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Souce (ECRIS). We are invetigating in order to realize compact size, economic operation and generation of high current beam. Although companies and researchers have valuable experience, skill and ability in designing of superconducting magnet for ECRIS, they did not exactly proposed a excellent superconducting magnet system for ECRIS because many superconducting magnets were not required. Of course they do if we requried many magnets for the various appliation of ECRIS. In this presentation, we have filed reports of former reseacher and we have discussed the realization of ECRIS over 35 GHz.
	Poster MOPOT015 [7.135 MB]

TUCOAK01	First A/Q=3 Beams of Phoenix V2 on the Heavy Ions Low Energy Beam Transport Line of SPIRAL2	ion, ECRIS, dipole, heavy-ion	75
	C. Peaucelle IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France J. Angot, P. Grandemange, T. Lamy, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France J.-L. Biarrotte IPN, Orsay, France D. Uriot CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	The heavy ions low energy beam transport line (LEBT) of Spiral2 built at LPSC Grenoble is fully operational since the beginning of 2010. This LEBT has been calculated and designed to hold permanently 15 mA of multicharged ions extracted from the source at 60 kV. PHOENIX V2 ECRIS is presently installed on the LEBT and first tests started few months ago: A reliable beam of 1 mAe of O⁶⁺ beam at 45 kV has already been obtained for a long period with a very good transmission, and good reproducibility. Tests continue with an optimization of Ar¹²⁺ beam performance. The promising results of these first runs, particularly emittance measurements, profiles and optimization of charge optics will be presented along. The ECRIS Phoenix V2 and different equipments installed on this line (vacuum system, optic elements, diagnostics) will be described. The future program and planned improvements on the LEBT will be also discussed in this paper.
	Slides TUCOAK01 [2.402 MB]

TUCOAK03	Plasma-to-Target WARP Simulations of Uranium Beams Extracted from VENUS Compared to Emittance Measurements and Beam Images	ion, simulation, extraction, emittance	81
	D. Winklehner, J.Y. Benitez, D. Leitner, M.M. Strohmeier, D.S. Todd LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA D.P. Grote LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	The superconducting ECR ion source VENUS was built as injector for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and as prototype injector for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) in Michigan. This work presents the latest results of an ongoing effort to simulate both, the extraction from ECR ion sources, and the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). Its aim is to help understand the influence of parameters like initial ion distributions at the extraction aperture, ion temperatures and beam neutralization on the quality of the beam and to provide a design-tool for increasing the efficiency of the extraction- and transport-system. The initial conditions (i.e. spatial- and velocity-distribution of the ions prior to extraction from the ion source) are obtained semi-empirically by tracking the ions of different species from sputter marks on the biased disk on the far end of the source to the extraction region by following the magnetic field lines and scaling the Larmor radii of the ions appropriately. Extraction from the plasma and consequently the source is then simulated with the versatile WARP simulation code. The same code is also used for the actual simulation of ion transport through the beam line. Simulations of multi-species Uranium beams with different drain currents, initial ion temperatures and levels of neutralization in the beam line are compared to each other and to emittance measurements and beam profiles of VENUS beams.
	Slides TUCOAK03 [2.382 MB]

TUCOBK02	“Preglow” Investigation in ECR Discharge at 37 GHz, 100 kW	ion, plasma, ECR, radiation	90
	V. Skalyga, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Zorin IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia T. Lamy, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble, France
	Multicharged ion beams generation in "Preglow" regime is now considered as the main way of short pulsed ion source creation for “Beta Beam” project. The "Preglow" effect has been investigated at a several laboratories (LPSC, JYFL, IAP RAS). The effect was discovered at LPSC on PHOENIX ion source using 18 GHz radiation for plasma heating. Investigations at 14 GHz frequency were made at JYFL. Theoretical analysis demonstrated the advantage of MW frequency increase. Theoretical calculations predict possibility of "Preglow" peaks generation with duration about tens microseconds and rather high average ion charge. At present time at LPSC a joint construction of a new generation ECR ion source with 60 GHz gyrotron plasma heating is running. As a continuation of previous research at 14, 18 and 28 GHz at present work results of experimental and theoretical "Preglow" effect investigations at SMIS 37 setup with 37,5 GHz MW plasma heating are reported. Received data are important as fundamental result in physics of ECRISs and at the same time it is the next step on the way of 60 GHz SEISM facility creation. “Preglow” effect was observed and investigated in experiments with ECR discharge stimulated with gyrotron radiation @ 37.5 GHz, 100 kW. Received dependencies of the “Preglow” parameters are in good correspondence with results of numerical simulations. It was shown in experiments that generation of “Preglow” peak with duration about 30 μs is possible.
	Slides TUCOBK02 [2.338 MB]

TUCOBK03	Time Evolution of Plasma Potential in Pulsed Operation of ECRIS	plasma, ion, electron, ECRIS	93
	O.A. Tarvainen, H. A. Koivisto, T. Ropponen, V.A. Toivanen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland Y. Higurashi, T. Nakagawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	The time evolution of plasma potential has been measured in pulsed operation mode with electron cyclotron resonance ion sources at JYFL and RIKEN. Three different ion sources with microwave frequencies ranging from 6.4 to 18 GHz were employed for the experiments. The plasma potential during the preglow and afterglow transients was compared with steady state conditions. The plasma potential was observed to increase 25-75 % during the preglow and 10-30 % during the afterglow. We describe the experimental procedure and present the results of the study in detail.
	Slides TUCOBK03 [0.973 MB]

TUCOBK04	Micropulses Generation in ECR Breakdown Stimulated by Gyrotron Radiation at 37.5 GHz	ion, plasma, ECR, electron	96
	V. Skalyga, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, A. Vodopyanov, V. Zorin IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
	Present work is devoted to experimental and theoretical investigation of possibility of short pulsed (< 100 μs) multicharged ion beams creation. The possibility of quasi-stationary generation of short pulsed beams under conditions of quasi-gasdynamic plasma confinement was shown in recent experiments. Later another way of such beams creation based on “Preglow” effect was proposed. In present work it was demonstrated that in the case when duration of MW pulse is less then formation time of “Preglow” peak, realization of a regime when ion current is equal to zero during MW pulse and intense multicharged ions flux appears only when MW ends could be possible. Such pulses after the end of MW were called "micropulses". In present work generation of micropulses was observed in experiments with ECR discharge stimulated by gyrotron radiation @ 37,5GHz, 100 kW. In this case pulses with duration less than 30 μs. Probably the same effect was observed in GANIL where 14 GHz radiation was used and pulses with duration about 2 ms were registered. In present work it was shown that intensity of such micropulse could be higher than intensity of “Preglow” peak at the same conditions but with longer MW pulse. The generation of micropulses of nitrogen and argon multicharged ions with current of a few mA and length about 30 μs after MW pulse with duration of 30-100 μs was demonstrated. The low level of impurities, high current density and rather high average charge make possible to consider such micropulse regime as perspective way for creation of a short pulsed ion source.
	Slides TUCOBK04 [3.473 MB]

TUCOCK02	Status of the High Current Permanent Magnet 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at Peking University	ion, plasma, ECR, extraction	102
	S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, Y.R. Lu, H.T. Ren, Z.Z. Song, J.X. Yu, Z.X. Yuan, M. Zhang, J. Zhao PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Several compact 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) have been developed at Peking University for ion implantation[1], separated function Radio Frequency quadruple (SFRFQ)[2] and for the Peking University Neutron Imaging Facility (PKUNIFTY)[3]. Studies are focused on methods of magnetic field generation, magnetic fields configuration, microwave window design, microwave coupling, and structure selection of extraction electrodes. Up to now, our sources have produced 25 mA O+/ He⁺ ion, 10mA N+ ion, 100 mA H⁺ and 83 mA D⁺ ions, respectively. Details will be reported in the paper. [1] Z. Song, D. Jiang, and J. Yu, Rev. Sci. Instr., 67,1003(1996). [2] S. X. Peng, M. Zhang, Z. Z. Song, R. Xu, J. Zhao, Z. X. Yuan, J. X. Yu, J. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, Rev. Sci. Instr., 2008, 79: 02B706. [3] M. Zhang, S. X. Peng, H. T. Ren, Z. Z. Song, Z. X. Yuan, Q. F. Zhou, P. N. Lu, R. Xu, J. Zhao, J. X. Yu, J. E. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, and Y. R. Lu, Rev. Sci. Instr. 2010, 81:02B715.
	Slides TUCOCK02 [3.144 MB]

TUCOCK03	Development of 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source at KAERI	ECR, plasma, ion, extraction	105
	B.H. Oh, D.S. Chang, C.K. Hwang, S.R. In, S.H. Jeong, J.T. Jin, K.W. Lee, C.S. Seo KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	A 14 GHz ECRIS has been designed and fabricated in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) to produce multi-charged ion beam (especially for C⁶⁺ ion beam) for medical applications. The magnet system has solenoid coils made with copper conductor and a hexapole made with permanent magnet. The solenoid coils are composed of two axial coils to make mirror fields in both sides of the chamber and one trim coil at the center to control the layer of the resonance region. The hexapole is made with 24-sector NdFeB permanent magnet. Radial field higher than 1.2 T at the chamber wall position has been measured, and axial field higher than 1.7 T at the entrance center of RF power and 1.1 T at the exit center of ion beam have been measured. A welded tube with aluminum and stainless steel is used for a ECR plasma chamber to improve the production of secondary electron. Cooling channel is made on the wall of the Al tube. A 2 kW Krystron is used as a microwave energy source. A DC break made with PEEK(Polyether Ether Ketone) for high voltage insulation and field shielding, and a RF window made with ceramic for vacuum insulation are inserted in the RF circuit. A movable beam extractor with 8 mm aperture covers different species and different charge numbers of the beam. Experimental results on ECR plasma and initial beam extraction with KAERI ECR ion source will be discussed.
	Slides TUCOCK03 [2.342 MB]

TUCOCK04	Mass Spectrometry with an ECR Ion Source	ion, background, ECR, controls	109
	M.A.C. Hotchkis, D. Button ANSTO, Menai, Australia
	Several groups [1-3] have demonstrated the usefulness of ECR ion sources in forms of mass spectrometry, for the detection of rare long-lived radioisotopes, trace elements and stable isotope ratios. Mass spectrometry imposes strict constraints on the ion source. First, the ion source must be free of backgrounds at the same m/q ratio as isotope of interest. Backgrounds take several forms, including beams generated from residual gas or other materials in the source, either of the element of interest, or other elements which cause isobaric or other m/q ambiguities. Second, the ion source must exhibit a minimum ‘memory’ effect from sample to sample. We are interested in isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. These elements are ubiquitous in vacuum systems and so this work has its own particular challenges, especially in relation to the design and operational characteristics of the ion source. Initial work has revealed retention effects which reduce the sample clear out rates, and cause persistent backgrounds [4]. We will present results of our most recent efforts to control these problems. [1] P. Collon et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 2004; 223/224: 428. [2] M. Kidera et al., Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 2007; 13: 239. [3] M. Hotchkis et al., Rapid Comm. Mass Spec. 2008; 22: 1408-1414. [4] D. Button and M.A.C. Hotchkis, Proc. 18th ECRIS Workshop, Sept 15-18, 2008, Chicago, USA, http://www. JACoW.org/.
	Slides TUCOCK04 [3.849 MB]

TUPOT001	Plans for Laser Ablation of Actinides into an ECRIS for Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy	ion, laser, ECR, ECRIS	110
	R.C. Pardo, F.G. Kondev, S.A. Kondrashev, C. Nair, T. Palchan, E. Rehm, R.H. Scott, R.C. Vondrasek ANL, Argonne, USA P. Collon University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA G. Imel ISU, Pocatello, Idaho, USA C. McGrath, G. Palmotti, M. Salvatores, G. Youinou Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, USA M. Paul The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Racah Institute of Physics, Jerusalem, Israel
	Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A project using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the ATLAS facility to measure neutron capture rates on a wide range of actinides in a reactor environment is underway. This project will require the measurement of many samples with high precision and accuracy. The AMS technique at ATLAS is based on production of highly-charged positive ions in an ECRIS followed by linear acceleration. We have chosen to use laser ablation as the best means of feeding the actinide material into the ion source because we believe this technique will have more efficiency and lower chamber contamination thus reducing ‘cross talk’ between samples. In addition a multi-sample holder/changer is part of the project to allow quick change between multiple samples. The status of the project, design, and goals for initial off-line ablation tests will be discussed as well as the overall project schedule.
	Poster TUPOT001 [0.152 MB]

TUPOT004	Microgan ECR Ion Source in a Van de Graaff Accelerator Terminal	ion, controls, high-voltage, ECR	120
	G. Gaubert, C. Bieth, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, X. Donzel, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand, A.C.C. Villari PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France C. Chavez-de-Jesus, T. Gamboni, W. Geerts, G. Giorginis, R. Jaime Tornin, G. Lövestam, W. Mondelaers JRC/IRMM, Geel, Belgium
	The Van de Graaff accelerator at IRMM works since many years providing proton, deuteron and helium beams for nuclear data measurements. The original ion source was of RF type with quartz bottle. This kind of source, as well known, needs regular maintenance for which the accelerator tank must be completely opened. The heavy usage at high currents of the IRMM accelerator necessitated an opening about once every month. Recently, the full permanent magnet Microgan ECR ion source from PANTECHNIK was installed into a new terminal platform together with a solid state amplifier of 50W, a dedicated dosing system for 4 gases (with respective gas bottles H2, D2, He and Ar), and a set of dedicated power supplies and electronic devices for the remote tuning of the source. The new system shows a very stable behavior of the produced beam allowing running the Van de Graff without maintenance for several months. This contribution will describe the full installed system in details (working at high pressure in the terminal, spark effects and optic of the extraction).
	Poster TUPOT004 [1.715 MB]

TUPOT006	Using Mass-Flow Controllers for Obtaining Extremely Stable ECR Ion Source Beams	ion, injection, ECR, controls	127
	X. Donzel, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, G. Gaubert, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand, A.C.C. Villari PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France R. Leroy GANIL, Caen, France
	Beam stability and reproducibility is of paramount importance in applications requiring precise control of implanted radiation dose, like in the case of Hadrontherapy. The beam intensity over several weeks or months should be kept constant. Moreover, the timing for changing the nature of the beam and, as a consequence, the tuning of the source should be minimized. Standard valves usually used in conjunction of ECR ion sources have the disadvantage of controlling the conductance, which can vary significantly with external conditions, like ambient temperature and inlet pressure of the gas. The use of flow controllers is the natural way for avoiding these external constraints. In this contribution we present the results obtained using a new model of Mass-flow controller in the source Supernanogan, for production of C⁴⁺ and H³⁺ beams. Extremely stable beams (± 2.5%) without retuning of the source over several weeks could be obtained. The reproducibility of the source tuning parameters could also be demonstrated.
	Poster TUPOT006 [4.386 MB]

TUPOT008	Performance of the LBNL AECR-U with a TWTA	plasma, ion, resonance, coupling	133
	J.Y. Benitez, D. Leitner, C.M. Lyneis LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA M.K. Covo LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	The Advanced Electron Cyclotron Resonance - Upgrade ion source (AECR-U) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has successfully utilized double frequency microwave heating (14.3 GHz and 10.4 GHz) for several years [1]. Recently a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA), providing frequencies in the range of 10.75GHz-12.75GHz, was added as a secondary heating frequency, replacing the previous 10.4 GHz Klystron. The TWTA opens the possibility to explore a wide range of secondary frequencies and a study has been conducted to understand and optimize its coupling into the AECR-U. In particular, the reflected power dependence on heating frequency has been mapped out with and without the presence of plasma. A comparison is made to determine how the presence of plasma, confinement fields, and other source parameters affect the reflected power and if and how the amount of reflected power can be correlated to the source ion beam performance. [1] Z. Q. Xie and C. M. Lyneis, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66 (1995).
	Poster TUPOT008 [0.213 MB]

TUPOT010	Effects of Microwave Frequency Fine Tuning on the Performance of JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS	plasma, ion, emittance, ECRIS	137
	V.A. Toivanen, V.P. Aho, J. Ärje, P. Jones, J.A. Kauppinen, H. A. Koivisto, P. Peura, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland L. Celona, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy D. Mascali CSFNSM, Catania, Italy T. Ropponen NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Measurements have been carried out at Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL) to study the effects of microwave frequency fine tuning on the performance of JYFL 14 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source. The frequency was varied within an 85 MHz band around the normal operation frequency of 14.085 GHz. The radial bremsstrahlung emission was measured for plasma diagnostics purposes and mass separated ion beam currents extracted from the ion source were recorded at the same time. Also, beam quality studies were conducted by measuring the ion beam emittance and shape with and without enhanced space charge compensation. The obtained results are presented and possible origins of seen phenomena in measured quantities are discussed.
	Poster TUPOT010 [0.678 MB]

TUPOT011	Measurement of the Diamagnetic Current on the LBNL 6.4 GHz ECR Ion Source	plasma, ECR, ECRIS, electron	140
	J.D. Noland, J.Y. Benitez, M. Kireeff Covo, D. Leitner, C.M. Lyneis LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland J. Verboncoeur UCB, Berkeley, California, USA
	Two standard plasma diagnostics (x-ray spectroscopy and measurement of the diamagnetic current) have been employed at the LBNL 6.4 GHz ECR. These diagnostics are combined with time resolved current measurements to study the plasma breakdown, build up and decay times, as well as electron heating. Individual charged particles in a magnetized plasma orbit in such a way that the magnetic field produced by their motion opposes any externally applied magnetic field. When a charged particle density gradient exists in a plasma, a net current arises. This “diamagnetic” current is proportional to the time-rate-of-change of the perpendicular component of the plasma pressure, and can be measured with a loop of wire as the plasma ignites or decays. Another common plasma diagnostic that is used to characterize an ECR plasma is measurement of the x-ray spectra created when energetic electrons scatter off of plasma ions. The x-ray spectra provide insight on the relative abundance of electrons of different energies, and thus the electron energy distribution function. The x-ray spectra can also be used to estimate the total x-ray power produced by the plasma. In this paper diamagnetic loop diagnostics and set-up is described in detail. In addition, diamagnetic loop and low energy x-ray measurements (few keV to 100 keV) taken on the LBNL 6.4 GHz ECR ion source are presented and discussed.
	Poster TUPOT011 [1.522 MB]

TUPOT012	Microwave Frequency Dependence of the Properties of the Ion Beam Extracted From a Caprice Type ECRIS	ion, plasma, ECRIS, ECR	143
	F. Maimone, R. Lang, J. Mäder, J. Roßbach, P. Spädtke, K. Tinschert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany L. Celona INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy F. Maimone DMFCI, Catania, Italy
	In order to improve the quality of ion beams extracted from ECR ion sources it is mandatory to better understand the relations between the plasma conditions and the beam properties. The present investigations concentrate on the analysis of different beam properties under the influence of various applications of frequency tuning and of multiple frequency heating. The microwave frequency feeding the plasma affects the electromagnetic field distribution and the dimension and position of the ECR surface inside the plasma chamber. This in turn has an influence on the generation of the extracted ion beam in terms of its intensity, of its shape and of its emittance. In order to analyze the corresponding effects measurements have been performed with the Caprice type ECRIS installed at the ECR Injector Setup (EIS) of GSI. The experimental setup uses a new arrangement of one or more microwave sweep generators which feed a Traveling Wave Tube amplifier covering a wide frequency range from 12.5 to 18 GHz. This arrangement provides a precise determination of the frequencies and of the reflection coefficient along with the beam properties. A sequence of viewing targets positioned inside the beam line monitors the beam shape.
	Poster TUPOT012 [1.245 MB]

TUPOT015	Permanent Magnet ECRIS for the KEK Digital Accelerator	ion, ECRIS, plasma, high-voltage	150
	K.W. Leo, T. Adachi Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan T. Arai, K. Koyama, M. Wake KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K. Okazaki Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture, Japan K. Takayama TIT, Yokohama, Japan
	The existing KEK 500 MeV booster synchrotron is renovated into a digital accelerator (DA) capable of accelerating all species of ion [1]. The KEK-DA is an induction synchrotron employing no large injector. Its concept was demonstrated in 2006 using the 12 GeV proton synchrotron [2,3], where a proton bunch was accelerated with pulse voltages generated by a transformer instead of RF. In the KEK-DA, O, Ne, and Ar ions from the ECRIS embedded in the 200 kV high-voltage terminal (HVT) are directly injected into the ring though the low energy beam transport line. The permanent magnet ECRIS, in which a plasma is fired by x-band microwave pulses of 3 msec at 10 Hz, has been assembled at KEK. Its operational performance such as charge-state spectrum, emittance, and current is tested since the last year. In addition, the HVT with a voltage stabilizing circuit is being assembled now. Beam dynamical analysis from the cathode hall to the separation magnet, where possible charge-state ions are contaminated in the space-charge limit and beam focusing is realized through the Einzel lens and tandem acceleration gaps, is discussed as well as operational characteristics of the ECRIS. [1] K. Takayama et al., “All-ion Accelerator: an Injector-free Synchrotron”, J. of Appl. Phys. 101, 063304(2007). [2] K. Takayama et al., “Experimental Demonstration of the Induction Synchrotron”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 054801 (2007). [3] K. Takayama and R.Briggs (Eds.), Induction Accelerators (Springer-Verlarg, 2010).
	Poster TUPOT015 [1.947 MB]

TUPOT016	Long-Term Operation Experience With Two ECR Ion Sources and Planned Extensions at HIT	ion, extraction, proton, linac	153
	T. Winkelmann, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, B. Naas, A. Peters HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	The HIT (Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center) is the first hospital-based treatment facility at a hospital in Europe where patients can be treated with protons and carbon ions. Since the commissioning starting in 2006 two 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources are routinely used to produce a variety of ion beams from protons up to oxygen. The operating time is 330 days per year, our experience after three years of continuous operation will be presented. In the future a helium beam for patient treatment is requested, therefore a third ion source will be integrated. This third ECR source with a newly designed extraction system and a spectrometer line will be installed at a testbench to commission and validate this section. Different test settings are foreseen to study helium operation as well as enhanced parameter sets for proton and carbon beams in combination with a modified beam transport line for higher transmission efficiency. An outlook to the possible integration scheme of the new ion source into the production facility will be discussed.
	Poster TUPOT016 [4.294 MB]

TUPOT017	CEA/Saclay Light Ion Sources Status and Developments	ion, plasma, extraction, emittance	156
	R. Gobin, C.M. Mateo, S. Nyckees CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France G. Adroit, G. Bourdelle, N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, F. Harrault, C. Marolles, B. Pottin, Y. Sauce, F. Senée, O. Tuske, T.V. Vacher, C. Van Hille CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	After several years of high intensity light ion beam production with the SILHI source, CEA Saclay is now involved in the construction of different injectors dedicated to large infrastructures like IFMIF or Spiral 2. Other installations are also interested by high intensity ion sources like ESS or FAIR. Such machines plan to produce and accelerate proton or deuteron beams in pulsed or continuous mode. The SILHI source, based on ECR plasma generation, already demonstrated its performance in both modes. As a consequence, at present time the construction of 2 new injectors for Spiral 2 and IFMIF (source and low energy beam lines) is in progress at CEA/Saclay. This article will report on the status of both installations. It will also point out on additional developments presently under progress for high intensity beam characterization or plasma production understanding. Such developments are mainly done with the new BETSI test bench operating for several months.
	Poster TUPOT017 [2.020 MB]

TUPOT018	Sheath Formation of a Plasma Containing Multiply Charged Ions, Cold and Hot Electrons, and Emitted Electrons	electron, ion, plasma, resonance	159
	H.J. You NFRI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	A model of sheath formation was extended to a plasma containing multiply charged ions (MCIs), cold and hot electrons, and secondary electrons emitted either by MCIs or hot electrons. The present study was motivated by the fact that the secondary electron yields are strongly dependent on the charge state of the ions and on the incident energy of electrons. Therefore, the contributions of the secondary electron emissions on the sheath formation would be severe in ECRIS plasmas where the charge state of ions is high and highly energetic electrons exist. In the model, modification of the “Bohm criterion” was given; thereby the sheath potential drop and the critical emission condition were analyzed. The model calculations were made mainly on the effects of the emitted electrons on the variations of the sheath potential drop, the particle and heat flux to the wall, by which some explanations for the effect of secondary electrons in ECR ion sources are given.
	Poster TUPOT018 [0.259 MB]

WECOBK01	Commissioning of the ECRIS Charge State Breeder at TRIUMF	ion, target, TRIUMF, background	178
	F. Ames, R.A. Baartman, P.G. Bricault, K. Jayamanna TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada T. Lamy LPSC, Grenoble, France
	Radioactive isotopes produced at the ISOL facility ISAC at TRIUMF are usually extracted from the target ion source system as singly charged ions. If the mass of those ions exceeds A=30 their acceleration requires the breeding to highly charged ions. A modified version of an ECRIS charge breeder (14.5 GHz PHOENIX from Pantechnik) has been installed and a first on-line test resulting in the successful acceleration of ⁸⁰Rb¹⁴⁺ has been performed already in 2008. During the radioactive beam time periods of 2009 and 2010 further measurements with stable and radioactive ions from different target ion source combinations have been performed to fully commission the system. Breeding efficiencies of several percent in the maximum of the charge state distribution have been achieved. Detailed results will be presented.
	Slides WECOBK01 [1.230 MB]

WECOBK03	Fine Frequency Tuning of the PHOENIX Charge Breeder Used as a Probe for ECRIS Plasmas	ion, plasma, injection, ECR	184
	T. Lamy, J. Angot, M. Marie-Jeanne, J. Médard, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
	Fine frequency tuning of ECR ion sources is a main issue to optimize the production of multiply charged ion beams. The PHOENIX charge breeder operation has been tested in the range 13,75 - 14,5 GHz with an HF power of about 400 W. The effect of this tuning is analyzed by measuring the multi-ionization efficiency obtained for various characterized injected 1+ ion beams (produced by the 2.45 GHz COMIC source). The 1+/n+ method includes the capture and the multi ionization processes of the 1+ beam and may be considered as a plasma probe. The n+ spectra obtained could be considered, in first approach, as an image of the plasma of the charge breeder. However, in certain conditions it has been observed that the injection of a few hundreds of nA of 1+ ions (i.e.: Xe¹⁺) in the plasma of the charge breeder, is able to destroy the charge state distribution of the support gas (i.e.: up to 40 % of O⁶⁺ and O⁷⁺ disappears). The study of this phenomenon will be presented along with plasma potential measurements for various charge states. This study may help to understand the ECRIS creation (or destruction) of highly charged ions.
	Slides WECOBK03 [7.745 MB]

WECOBK04	Preliminary Results of Spatially Resolved ECR Ion Beam Profile Investigations	ion, extraction, ECR, ECRIS	188
	L. Panitzsch, M. Stalder, R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber IEAP, Kiel, Germany
	The Department of Experimental and Applied Physics (IEAP) at the University of Kiel (CAU Kiel) is establishing a solar wind laboratory for the calibration of space instrumentation. The main item of this facility is a 11GHz (Plateau) ECR ion source. It can be operated at two different radial magnetic confinements, using a set of permanent magnets in either hexapole or dodekapole arrangement. While beam focussing by moving the extraction along the beam line to match the ion beam into the analysing magnet is well known, little is known about beam steering by moving the extraction in the plane perpendicular to the beam line. For the hexapole-configuration we will present our results about the feasibility of ion beam focussing and steering using a 3D-movable extraction. The beam profiles of these measurements will be recorded in comparatively high resolution with a Faraday cup array (see paper doi: 10.\|10\|63/1.3246787). This method will be shortly introduced within this talk, as well.
	Slides WECOBK04 [13.317 MB]

THCOAK02	Kinetic Plasma Simulation of Ion Beam Extraction from an ECR Ion Source	ion, simulation, ECR, electron	194
	S.M. Elliott, E.K. White Thin Film Consulting, Longmont, Colorado, USA J. Simkin Vector Fields Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
	Designing optimized ECR ion beam sources can be streamlined by the accurate simulation of beam optical properties in order to predict ion extraction behavior. The complexity of these models, however, can make PIC-based simulations time-consuming. In this paper, we first describe a simple kinetic plasma finite element simulation of extraction of a proton beam from a permanent magnet hexapole electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. Second, we analyze the influence of secondary electrons generated by ion collisions in the residual gas on the space charge of a proton beam of a dual-solenoid ECR ion source. The finite element method (FEM) offers a fast modeling environment, allowing analysis of ion beam behavior under conditions of varying current density, electrode potential, and gas pressure.
	Slides THCOAK02 [0.821 MB]

THCOAK04	Modeling ECRIS Using a 1D Multifluid Code	extraction, ion, ECR, instrumentation	200
	M. Stalder IEAP, Kiel, Germany
	We developed a one-dimensional (1D) multifluid code to simulate the production and the transport of multiple ion species in an electron cyclotron ion source (ECRIS). The ion species are assumed to be highly collisionally coupled. Each ion species is treated as a independent fluid. This allows us to study the influence of the ion temperature. The temperature is assumed to be equal for all charge states and in the whole ECRIS. As starting parameters we choose a hot magnetically trapped electron distribution, a cold electron distribution trapped by the plasma potential an the neutral density. Modeling the interaction of the different fluids led to a new understanding of the influence of the electrostatic potential that balances the pressure gradient of the ions species in the ECRIS. The highest charge states are not confined strongest as in the over barrier model but expelled in comparison to lower charge states. It can be shown that the relative velocity v of the treated fluids scales as v ~ T^5/3 with the ion temperature. First results of the simulations are presented together with a discussion of the modeling approach for the multifluid case and its theoretical predictions. As a baseline for our simulations we mainly used the results of the 1D GEM ECRIS fluid simulations.
	Slides THCOAK04 [2.268 MB]

THCOBK01	Concluding Remarks	ion, ECR, plasma, ECRIS	201
	T. Nakagawa RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Concluding remarks kindly done by Takahide Nakagawa
	Slides THCOBK01 [0.436 MB]

Paper

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Other Keywords

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MOCOAK01

SECRAL Status and First Beam Test at 24GHz

ion, ECR, heavy-ion, plasma

1

H.W. Zhao, Y. Cao, Y.C. Feng, X.H. Guo, J.Y. Li, W. Lu, L.T. Sun, D. Xie, X.Z. Zhang, H. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

SECRAL has been in routine operation at 18GHz for HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) accelerator complex since May 2007. It has delivered many highly charged heavy ion beams for the HIRFL accelerator and the total beam time so far has exceeded 3000 hours. To further enhance the SECRAL performance, a 24GHz/7kW gyrotron microwave amplifier has been installed and tested. Very exciting results were produced with quite a few new record highly-charged ion beam intensities. Bremstrahlung measurements at 24GHz have shown that X-ray is much stronger at higher RF frequency, higher RF power and higher minimum B field. Beam emittance study has been conducted in order to improve the beam brightness. An additional cryostat with five GM cryocoolers was installed atop the SECRAL to liquefy the boil-off helium gas to minimize the liquid helium consumption. The latest results and reliable long-term operation for the accelerator have once again demonstrated that SECRAL is one of the best performance ECR ion source for the production of highly-charged heavy ion beams. Detailed and future developments of SECRAL will be presented.

Slides MOCOAK01 [4.739 MB]

MOCOAK02

Intense Beam Production with SuSI

ion, ECR, ECRIS, plasma

4

L.T. Sun, J. Brandon, D.G. Cole, M. Doleans, G. Machicoane, D. Morris, T. Ropponen, L. Tobos
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
E. Pozdeyev
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

SuSI ion source, a 3rd generation fully superconducting ECR ion source is now used for injection into the Coupled Cyclotron Facility since September 2009. Initial performances during the commissioning of SuSI were mainly limited by the microwave power available from a single 18 GHz microwave amplifier, especially for the production of heavier ion beams. The Injection of SuSI was modified to add a second 18 GHz amplifier, to reach a maximum of 3.0 kW of RF power inside the plasma chamber. Production of heavy ion beams, such as Kr¹⁴⁺, Bi³⁰⁺ and U³³⁺ is reported, to demonstrate the performance of SuSI. Additional studies were made with various ion source parameters to optimize the beam intensity within a normalized emittance of 0.9pi.mm.mrad as needed for the FRIB project and will be reported in this paper.

Slides MOCOAK02 [1.672 MB]

MOCOAK03

Status of RIKEN SC-ECRIS

ion, ECR, ECRIS, heavy-ion

8

T. Nakagawa, Y. Higurashi, J. Ohnishi
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
T. Aihara, M. Tamura
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

To increase the beam intensity of highly charged heavy ions for RIKEN RIBF project, we constructed and tested RIKEN new SC-ECRIS. After obtaining the first beam in the spring of 2009, we tried to optimize the ion source condition for maximizing the beam intensity with 18GHz microwave. In this experiment, we intensively studied the effect of the magnetic field gradient and ECR zone size on the beam intensity. In this experiment, it was clearly seen that the gentler field gradient and lager ECR zone size give higher beam intensity. Based on these studies, we produced 550μA of Ar¹¹⁺ and 350μA of Ar¹²⁺ at the RF power of 1.8kW. In this summer, we will try use the 28GHz microwaves to increase the beam intensity. In this contribution, we present the structure of the SC-ECRIS and the results of test experiments with 18 GHz microwave in detail. We also present the future plan to increase the beam intensity.

Slides MOCOAK03 [2.366 MB]

MOCOAK04

Status of the VENUS ECR Ion Source

ion, ECR, plasma, cyclotron

11

D. Leitner, P. Ferracin, A. Hodgkinson, M. Leitner, T.J. Loew, C.M. Lyneis, G.L. Sabbi
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
G. Machicoane, E. Pozdeyev
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The fully superconducting 28-GHz VENUS ECR ion source serves as prototype injector for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) project at Michigan State University (MSU) as well as injector ion source for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). As such the source has produced many record beams of high charge state as well as high-intensity, medium charge state ions. As the FRIB project has now entered the preliminary design phase, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is involved in the design of two new VENUS-like ECR injector ion sources for the FRIB facility. This paper will review the requirements for the FRIB injector, and present VENUS cryostat design changes which will allow installation on a 100 kV platform. In addition, a possible future upgrade path for the FRIB injector using an advanced Nb3Sn magnet structure is described. In 2008, at LBNL the VENUS ECR ion source experienced a major setback when one of the sextupole leads evaporated during a quench caused by a low liquid helium level in the cryostat. The repair process and the long reconstruction effort as well as the status of the reinstallation will be described.

Slides MOCOAK04 [4.180 MB]

MOCOBK01

ECR Ion Sources for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) Project at Michigan State University

ion, ECR, linac, emittance

14

G. Machicoane, M. Doleans, O.K. Kester, T. Ropponen, L.T. Sun, X. Wu
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
D. Leitner
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
E. Pozdeyev, E. Tanke
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by US DOE Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
Once operational, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will open the possibility to gain key understanding in nuclear science and in particular regarding the properties of nuclei far from the valley of stability or the nuclear processes in the universe. In addition it will also allow experimenters to test fundamental symmetries. The production of rare isotopes with FRIB will be achieved, using a heavy ion driver linac that will accelerate a stable isotope beam to 200 MeV/u and deliver it on a fragmentation target. FRIB aims to reach a primary beam power of 400 kW for light to heavy elements up to Uranium. To meet the intensity requirement two high performance ECR ion sources operating at 28 GHz will be used to produce high intensity of medium to high charge state ion beams. Plans regarding initial beam production with the ECR ion sources and beam transport through the front end will be discussed.

Slides MOCOBK01 [3.259 MB]

MOCOBK02

Present Status of FLNR (JINR) ECR Ion Sources

ion, cyclotron, ECR, injection

17

S.L. Bogomolov, V.B. Bekhterev, V.M. Drobin, A. Efremov, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, V.V. Seleznev, Yu. Yazvitsky
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia

Six ECR ion sources have been operated in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR). Two 14 GHz ECR ion sources (ECR4M and DECRIS-2) supply various ion species for the U400 and U400M cyclotrons correspondingly for experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei using ion beams of stable and radioactive isotopes. The 18 GHz DECRIS-SC ion source with superconducting magnet system produce ions from Ar up to W for solid state physics experiments and polymer membrane fabrication at the CI-100 cyclotron. The third 14 GHz ion source DECRIS-4 with “flat” minimum of the axial magnetic field is used as a stand alone machine for test experiments and also for experiments on ion modification of materials. The other two compact ECR ion sources with all permanent magnet configuration have been developed for the production of single charged ions and are used at the DRIBs installation and at the MASHA mass-spectrometer. In this paper, present status of the ion sources, recent developments and plans for modernization are reported. Also the results of the preliminary test of the DECRIS-SC2 ECR source will be presented.

Slides MOCOBK02 [11.671 MB]

MOCOBK03

Status of Ion Sources at HIMAC

ion, ECR, plasma, radiation

20

A. Kitagawa, M. Muramatsu, Y. Sakamoto
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
S. Biri
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
A.G. Drentje
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
T.F. Fujita
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
T. Sakuma, N. Sasaki, T. Sasano, W. Takasugi
AEC, Chiba, Japan

Since 1994, heavy-ion radiotherapy using carbon ions is successfully carried out with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). Over 5000 cancer patients have already been treated with 140-400 MeV/u carbon beams. These clinical results have clearly verified the advantages of carbon ion. The ion source needs to realize a stable beam with the same conditions for daily operation. Maintenance is restricted to once per year. However, the deposition of carbon on the wall of the plasma chamber is normally unavoidable. This causes an ‘anti-wall-coating effect’, i.e. a decreasing of the beam (typically 50 % after a few months of operation), especially for the higher charge-state ions due to the surface material of the wall. The ion source has - even in this bad condition – still to produce a sufficiently intense and stable beam. We summarize our experience during 16 years of operation and show the scope for further developments. HIMAC is dedicated to radiotherapy, but it has as a second essential task to operate as a facility for physicist users. In that scope it accelerates many ion species for basic experiments. In order to serve all HIMAC users at best, the extension of the range of ion species is an important subject in ion source development. For example, in order to increase the ECRIS-beam intensity for heavier ions, microwave is applied at different frequencies by a traveling wave tube amplifier and….?

Slides MOCOBK03 [2.780 MB]

MOCOCK01

PK-ISIS: a New Superconducting ECR Ion Source at Pantechnik

permanent-magnet, ion, extraction, ECR

26

A.C.C. Villari, C. Bieth, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, X. Donzel, G. Gaubert, R. Leroy, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand
PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble, France

The new ECR ion source PK-ISIS was recently commissioned at Pantechnik. Three superconducting coils generate the axial magnetic field configuration while the radial magnetic field is done with multi-layer permanent magnets. Special care was devoted in the design of the hexapolar structure, allowing a maximum magnetic field of 1.32 T at the wall of the 82 mm diameter plasma chamber. The three superconducting coils using Low Temperature Superconducting wires are cooled by a single double stage cryo-cooler (4.2 K). Cryogen-free technology is used, providing reliability, easy maintenance at low cost. The maximum installed RF power (18.0 GHz) is of 2 kW. Metallic beams can be produced with an oven (Tmax = 1400 °C) installed with an angle of 5° with respect to the source axis or a sputtering system, mounted in the axis of the source. The beam extraction system is constituted of three electrodes in accel-decel configuration. Description of the source and results of the magnetic measurements will be given. Performances of the source in terms of beam intensities and charge states distribution will be presented.

Slides MOCOCK01 [3.226 MB]

MOCOCK02

3D Simulation Studies and Optimization of Magnetic Holes of HTS-ECRIS for Improving the Extraction Efficiency and Intensities of Highly Charged Ions

plasma, ion, ECR, extraction

27

G. Rodrigues, R.N. Dutt, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, Y. Mathur, U.K. Rao, A. Roy
IUAC, New Delhi, India
R. Baskaran
IGCAR, Channai, India

3D simulation studies using RADIA code have been performed to optimise the magnetic holes in high temperature superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (HTS-ECRIS) ion source for improving the extraction efficiency and intensities of highly charged ions. The magnetic field improvements using simple techniques like optimisation of iron regions is found to be economical. The extraction efficiency can be increased three-fold in the case of a hexapole magnet depending on the level of the uniformity of the fields in the high and low regions. This technique further minimises localized heating of the plasma chamber walls which can improve the vacuum conditions in an ECR ion source. For superconducting sources where the x-ray heat load poses severe problems during operation, such a reduction of heating load is of great significance. The typical triangular pattern of the plasma impact observed on the plasma electrode of HTS ECRIS at various tuning conditions are reproduced by the simulations. Details of the simulations and experimental results will be presented.

Slides MOCOCK02 [2.925 MB]

MOCOCK04

Measurement of the Sixty GHz ECR Ion Source using Megawatt Magnets - SEISM Magnetic Field Map

resonance, extraction, injection, ECR

33

M. Marie-Jeanne, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, L. Latrasse
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
F. Debray, J. Matera, R. Pfister, C. Trophime
GHMFL, Grenoble, France

LPSC has developed a prototype of 60GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Source called SEISM. The first 60GHz magnetic structure is based on a cusp geometry, using resistive polyhelix coils designed in collaboration with the Intense Magnetic Fields National Laboratory (LNCMI). A dedicated test bench helices coils in their tanks, electrical, and water cooling environment was built to study the mechanics, thermal behaviour and magnetic field characteristics obtained at various current levels. During the last months, measurements were performed for several magnetic configurations, with up to 7000A applied on the injection/extraction coils set. The magnetic field achieved at 13000A is expected to allow 28GHz ECR condition. However, cavitation issues that appeared around 7000A are to be solved before carrying on with the tests. This contribution will recall some of the crucial steps in the prototype fabrication, and show preliminary results from the measurements at 7000A. Possible explanations for the discrepancies observed between the results and the simulation will be given.

Slides MOCOCK04 [3.243 MB]

MOPOT001

Operation of KeiGM for the Carbon Ion Therapy Facility at Gunma University

ion, extraction, heavy-ion, vacuum

40

M. Muramatsu, S. Hojo, A. Kitagawa
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
Y. Kijima
Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe, Japan
H. Miyazaki, K. Sawada, T. Ueno
SHI, Ehime, Japan
K. Torikai, S. Yamada
Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan
M. Tsuchiyama, S. Ueda
Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy Systems Centre, Kobe, Japan

Carbon-ion radiotherapy has been carried out at Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Centre (GHMC) since March 2010. A compact ECR ion source for GHMC, so-called KeiGM, supplies C⁴⁺ ions for treatment. A microwave source with the traveling-wave-tube was adopted for KeiGM, with a frequency range and maximum power of 9.75 - 10.25 GHz and 750 W, respectively. KeiGM was operated from March to May 2010 for the clinical trial without any trouble and maintenance. KeiGM supplied the carbon ions from 7:30 in the morning to 0:00 midnight on weekdays. Sometimes it was operated for the beam tuning of accelerator on Saturday and Sunday too. The operation time of KeiGM for two months was about 780 hours. Although the beam intensity decreased by 20% at first, it has been constant for the last two months. The beam intensity of C⁴⁺ was 200 euA at 30 kV extraction in May 2010. The fluctuation of beam intensity was less than 10%. The operation parameters were as follows; the microwave frequency and power were 10.042 GHz and 300 W, respectively. CH4 gas was fed, and the gas flowrate was 0.054 cc/min. The extraction voltage was 30 kV. The repetition frequency and pulse width were 0.36 Hz and 50 msec, respectively. Gunma University has successfully treated the first 12 patients for the clinical trial, thus the Japanese Ministry of Health and Labor Welfare approved GHMC as “advanced medicine”. We will report the operation of KeiGM and the status of their daily treatment.

Poster MOPOT001 [2.685 MB]

MOPOT003

Study of Potential Application of Compact ECRIS to Analytical System

ion, ECR, plasma, permanent-magnet

46

M. Kidera
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
S. Enomoto
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
S. Kishi, Y. Seto
National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan
T. Nagamatsu, T. Tanaka
Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Engineering Division I, Tokyo, Japan
K. Takahashi
RIKEN, Saitama, Japan

A place of an activity of ECR ion sources is not only ion source on a heavy ion accelerator facility. A highly ionization efficiency, flexibility of ionized sample, low consumption rate in sample, and non-equilibrium ECR plasma, etc. that a ECR ion source have, may be needed in other fields at time. We have developed several kinds of small ECRISs that have customized for the analysis. The purposes of the analysis are, precise measurement of isotope ratio of a metal element, detection of chemical warfare agents, and detection of produced molecular (or fragment) ions by the ECR plasma. In this workshop, we will report the compact ECRISs by a permanent magnet type for the analytical system.

Poster MOPOT003 [3.320 MB]

MOPOT004

Neutralisation of Accelerated Ions and Detection of Resulting Neutrals

ion, ECR, simulation, acceleration

49

T. Peleikis, L. Panitzsch, M. Stalder
IEAP, Kiel, Germany

At the University of Kiel, the Department of Experimental and Applied Physics is running an ECR ion source in order to, amongst others, calibrate space instruments designed to measure solar wind properties and suprathermal particles. The ion source is able to produce medium to highly charged ions which are then accelerated by an electrostatic field up to 400keV per charge. In order to extend the particle spectrum from ions to neutral atoms we are planning to install a device for the beam particle neutralisation. It will be used to calibrate instruments which measure neutral particles. This device will be located downstream from the sector magnet and the acceleration-stage. The sector magnet separates the ions by their m/q ratio. This way the type and the energy of the ions can be determined before the neutralisation. Neutralisation can be achieved either by passing the ions through a thin carbon foil (thickness ~88nm) or through a gastarget (thickness ~6mm, pressure ~0.1mbar) where charge-exchange occur. The remaining ions behind the neutraliser will be suppressed by an electrostatic separator. Both methods will alter the beam properties and lead to a divergence in energy and an angular spread of the beam. Simulations regarding these effects will be discussed. The overall progress on this project will be presented.

Poster MOPOT004 [1.776 MB]

MOPOT005

High Current Production with 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source

ion, extraction, ECR, plasma

50

A. Coly, T. Lamy, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
G. Gaubert, A.C.C. Villari
PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France

A new test bench has been installed at LPSC dedicated to 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Sources characterization. Several magnetic structures have been tested around the same plasma cavity. For example, a current density of 70 mA/cm² has been measured with the MONO1000 source lent by GANIL. An original ECRIS, named SPEED (for 'Source d'ions à aimants PErmanents et Extraction Dipôlaire'), presenting a dipolar magnetic field at the extraction will also be presented.

Poster MOPOT005 [3.130 MB]

MOPOT006

Ionization Efficiency of a COMIC Ion Source Equipped With a Quartz Plasma Chamber

ion, plasma, target, injection

51

P. Suominen, T. Stora
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J. Médard, P. Sortais
LPSC, Grenoble, France

The ISOLDE facility at CERN produces a wide range of radioactive ion beams due to a long history on target and ion source development. Because the radioactive isotope production is very limited, the most important ion source parameters are high ionization efficiency, selectivity and reliable operation under intense radiation. Currently used ion sources (mainly laser (RILIS [1]) and arc discharge -type ion sources (VADIS [2]) do not efficiently ionize light noble gases, such as helium, and molecules, such as CO, N₂ and NO. These beams were previously planned to be produced with 1+ ECR ion sources operating at 2.45 GHz (for example MINIMONO [3]) but due to new and more efficient RF coupling of COMIC-type ion sources [4], we expect to advance in 2.45 GHz ECRIS utilization for radioactive beam production. The new COMIC source designed by LPSC, Grenoble incorporates special features such as a plasma chamber fully made of quartz (Q-COMIC). This should provide chemically good conditions for molecular ion beam production, especially for carbon. This paper presents the first ionization efficiency measurements of the Q-COMIC.
[1] V.N. Fedosseev, et al, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 266/19-20 (2008) 4378.
[2] PhD thesis, univ. polyt. Bucarest, L. Penescu (2009).
[3] F. Wenander, W. Farabolini, G. Gaubert, P. Jardin, J. Lettry, Nucl. Phys. A, 746 (2004) 659.
[4] P. Sortais, T. Lamy, J. Médard, J. Angot, L. Latrasse, and T. Thuillier, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (2010) 02B314.

Poster MOPOT006 [0.697 MB]

MOPOT014

The Design of 28 GHz ECR Ion Source for the Compact Linear Accelerator in Korea

ion, ECRIS, extraction, ECR

67

M. Won, B.S. Lee
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea

The construction of a compact linear accelerator is in progress by Korea Basic Science Institute. The main capability of this facility is the production of multiply ionized metal clusters and the generation more intense beams of highly charged ions for material, medical and nuclear physical research. To produce the intense beam of highly charged ions, we will construct an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) using 28 GHz microwaves. For this ECRIS, The design of a superconducting magnet, microwave inlet, beam extraction and plasma chamber was completed. Also we are constructing a superconducing magnet system. In this presentation, we will report the current status of development of our 28 GHz ECRIS.

Poster MOPOT014 [3.823 MB]

MOPOT015

The Design Study of Superconducting Magnet System for an Advanced ECR Ion Source

superconducting-magnet, ECRIS, ion, ECR

68

B.S. Lee, M. Won
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work was supported by KBSI grant (D30300) to M.S.Won
The Korea Basic Science Institute is developing a superconducting magnet system for 28 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Souce (ECRIS). We are invetigating in order to realize compact size, economic operation and generation of high current beam. Although companies and researchers have valuable experience, skill and ability in designing of superconducting magnet for ECRIS, they did not exactly proposed a excellent superconducting magnet system for ECRIS because many superconducting magnets were not required. Of course they do if we requried many magnets for the various appliation of ECRIS. In this presentation, we have filed reports of former reseacher and we have discussed the realization of ECRIS over 35 GHz.

Poster MOPOT015 [7.135 MB]

TUCOAK01

First A/Q=3 Beams of Phoenix V2 on the Heavy Ions Low Energy Beam Transport Line of SPIRAL2

ion, ECRIS, dipole, heavy-ion

75

C. Peaucelle
IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France
J. Angot, P. Grandemange, T. Lamy, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
J.-L. Biarrotte
IPN, Orsay, France
D. Uriot
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

The heavy ions low energy beam transport line (LEBT) of Spiral2 built at LPSC Grenoble is fully operational since the beginning of 2010. This LEBT has been calculated and designed to hold permanently 15 mA of multicharged ions extracted from the source at 60 kV. PHOENIX V2 ECRIS is presently installed on the LEBT and first tests started few months ago: A reliable beam of 1 mAe of O⁶⁺ beam at 45 kV has already been obtained for a long period with a very good transmission, and good reproducibility. Tests continue with an optimization of Ar¹²⁺ beam performance. The promising results of these first runs, particularly emittance measurements, profiles and optimization of charge optics will be presented along. The ECRIS Phoenix V2 and different equipments installed on this line (vacuum system, optic elements, diagnostics) will be described. The future program and planned improvements on the LEBT will be also discussed in this paper.

Slides TUCOAK01 [2.402 MB]

TUCOAK03

Plasma-to-Target WARP Simulations of Uranium Beams Extracted from VENUS Compared to Emittance Measurements and Beam Images

ion, simulation, extraction, emittance

81

D. Winklehner, J.Y. Benitez, D. Leitner, M.M. Strohmeier, D.S. Todd
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
D.P. Grote
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

The superconducting ECR ion source VENUS was built as injector for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and as prototype injector for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) in Michigan. This work presents the latest results of an ongoing effort to simulate both, the extraction from ECR ion sources, and the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). Its aim is to help understand the influence of parameters like initial ion distributions at the extraction aperture, ion temperatures and beam neutralization on the quality of the beam and to provide a design-tool for increasing the efficiency of the extraction- and transport-system. The initial conditions (i.e. spatial- and velocity-distribution of the ions prior to extraction from the ion source) are obtained semi-empirically by tracking the ions of different species from sputter marks on the biased disk on the far end of the source to the extraction region by following the magnetic field lines and scaling the Larmor radii of the ions appropriately. Extraction from the plasma and consequently the source is then simulated with the versatile WARP simulation code. The same code is also used for the actual simulation of ion transport through the beam line. Simulations of multi-species Uranium beams with different drain currents, initial ion temperatures and levels of neutralization in the beam line are compared to each other and to emittance measurements and beam profiles of VENUS beams.

Slides TUCOAK03 [2.382 MB]

TUCOBK02

“Preglow” Investigation in ECR Discharge at 37 GHz, 100 kW

ion, plasma, ECR, radiation

90

V. Skalyga, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Zorin
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
T. Lamy, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble, France

Multicharged ion beams generation in "Preglow" regime is now considered as the main way of short pulsed ion source creation for “Beta Beam” project. The "Preglow" effect has been investigated at a several laboratories (LPSC, JYFL, IAP RAS). The effect was discovered at LPSC on PHOENIX ion source using 18 GHz radiation for plasma heating. Investigations at 14 GHz frequency were made at JYFL. Theoretical analysis demonstrated the advantage of MW frequency increase. Theoretical calculations predict possibility of "Preglow" peaks generation with duration about tens microseconds and rather high average ion charge. At present time at LPSC a joint construction of a new generation ECR ion source with 60 GHz gyrotron plasma heating is running. As a continuation of previous research at 14, 18 and 28 GHz at present work results of experimental and theoretical "Preglow" effect investigations at SMIS 37 setup with 37,5 GHz MW plasma heating are reported. Received data are important as fundamental result in physics of ECRISs and at the same time it is the next step on the way of 60 GHz SEISM facility creation. “Preglow” effect was observed and investigated in experiments with ECR discharge stimulated with gyrotron radiation @ 37.5 GHz, 100 kW. Received dependencies of the “Preglow” parameters are in good correspondence with results of numerical simulations. It was shown in experiments that generation of “Preglow” peak with duration about 30 μs is possible.

Slides TUCOBK02 [2.338 MB]

TUCOBK03

Time Evolution of Plasma Potential in Pulsed Operation of ECRIS

plasma, ion, electron, ECRIS

93

O.A. Tarvainen, H. A. Koivisto, T. Ropponen, V.A. Toivanen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
Y. Higurashi, T. Nakagawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

The time evolution of plasma potential has been measured in pulsed operation mode with electron cyclotron resonance ion sources at JYFL and RIKEN. Three different ion sources with microwave frequencies ranging from 6.4 to 18 GHz were employed for the experiments. The plasma potential during the preglow and afterglow transients was compared with steady state conditions. The plasma potential was observed to increase 25-75 % during the preglow and 10-30 % during the afterglow. We describe the experimental procedure and present the results of the study in detail.

Slides TUCOBK03 [0.973 MB]

TUCOBK04

Micropulses Generation in ECR Breakdown Stimulated by Gyrotron Radiation at 37.5 GHz

ion, plasma, ECR, electron

96

V. Skalyga, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, A. Vodopyanov, V. Zorin
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Present work is devoted to experimental and theoretical investigation of possibility of short pulsed (< 100 μs) multicharged ion beams creation. The possibility of quasi-stationary generation of short pulsed beams under conditions of quasi-gasdynamic plasma confinement was shown in recent experiments. Later another way of such beams creation based on “Preglow” effect was proposed. In present work it was demonstrated that in the case when duration of MW pulse is less then formation time of “Preglow” peak, realization of a regime when ion current is equal to zero during MW pulse and intense multicharged ions flux appears only when MW ends could be possible. Such pulses after the end of MW were called "micropulses". In present work generation of micropulses was observed in experiments with ECR discharge stimulated by gyrotron radiation @ 37,5GHz, 100 kW. In this case pulses with duration less than 30 μs. Probably the same effect was observed in GANIL where 14 GHz radiation was used and pulses with duration about 2 ms were registered. In present work it was shown that intensity of such micropulse could be higher than intensity of “Preglow” peak at the same conditions but with longer MW pulse. The generation of micropulses of nitrogen and argon multicharged ions with current of a few mA and length about 30 μs after MW pulse with duration of 30-100 μs was demonstrated. The low level of impurities, high current density and rather high average charge make possible to consider such micropulse regime as perspective way for creation of a short pulsed ion source.

Slides TUCOBK04 [3.473 MB]

TUCOCK02

Status of the High Current Permanent Magnet 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at Peking University

ion, plasma, ECR, extraction

102

S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, Y.R. Lu, H.T. Ren, Z.Z. Song, J.X. Yu, Z.X. Yuan, M. Zhang, J. Zhao
PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Several compact 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) have been developed at Peking University for ion implantation[1], separated function Radio Frequency quadruple (SFRFQ)[2] and for the Peking University Neutron Imaging Facility (PKUNIFTY)[3]. Studies are focused on methods of magnetic field generation, magnetic fields configuration, microwave window design, microwave coupling, and structure selection of extraction electrodes. Up to now, our sources have produced 25 mA O+/ He⁺ ion, 10mA N+ ion, 100 mA H⁺ and 83 mA D⁺ ions, respectively. Details will be reported in the paper.
[1] Z. Song, D. Jiang, and J. Yu, Rev. Sci. Instr., 67,1003(1996).
[2] S. X. Peng, M. Zhang, Z. Z. Song, R. Xu, J. Zhao, Z. X. Yuan, J. X. Yu, J. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, Rev. Sci. Instr., 2008, 79: 02B706.
[3] M. Zhang, S. X. Peng, H. T. Ren, Z. Z. Song, Z. X. Yuan, Q. F. Zhou, P. N. Lu, R. Xu, J. Zhao, J. X. Yu, J. E. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, and Y. R. Lu, Rev. Sci. Instr. 2010, 81:02B715.

Slides TUCOCK02 [3.144 MB]

TUCOCK03

Development of 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source at KAERI

ECR, plasma, ion, extraction

105

B.H. Oh, D.S. Chang, C.K. Hwang, S.R. In, S.H. Jeong, J.T. Jin, K.W. Lee, C.S. Seo
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

A 14 GHz ECRIS has been designed and fabricated in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) to produce multi-charged ion beam (especially for C⁶⁺ ion beam) for medical applications. The magnet system has solenoid coils made with copper conductor and a hexapole made with permanent magnet. The solenoid coils are composed of two axial coils to make mirror fields in both sides of the chamber and one trim coil at the center to control the layer of the resonance region. The hexapole is made with 24-sector NdFeB permanent magnet. Radial field higher than 1.2 T at the chamber wall position has been measured, and axial field higher than 1.7 T at the entrance center of RF power and 1.1 T at the exit center of ion beam have been measured. A welded tube with aluminum and stainless steel is used for a ECR plasma chamber to improve the production of secondary electron. Cooling channel is made on the wall of the Al tube. A 2 kW Krystron is used as a microwave energy source. A DC break made with PEEK(Polyether Ether Ketone) for high voltage insulation and field shielding, and a RF window made with ceramic for vacuum insulation are inserted in the RF circuit. A movable beam extractor with 8 mm aperture covers different species and different charge numbers of the beam. Experimental results on ECR plasma and initial beam extraction with KAERI ECR ion source will be discussed.

Slides TUCOCK03 [2.342 MB]

TUCOCK04

Mass Spectrometry with an ECR Ion Source

ion, background, ECR, controls

109

M.A.C. Hotchkis, D. Button
ANSTO, Menai, Australia

Several groups [1-3] have demonstrated the usefulness of ECR ion sources in forms of mass spectrometry, for the detection of rare long-lived radioisotopes, trace elements and stable isotope ratios. Mass spectrometry imposes strict constraints on the ion source. First, the ion source must be free of backgrounds at the same m/q ratio as isotope of interest. Backgrounds take several forms, including beams generated from residual gas or other materials in the source, either of the element of interest, or other elements which cause isobaric or other m/q ambiguities. Second, the ion source must exhibit a minimum ‘memory’ effect from sample to sample. We are interested in isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. These elements are ubiquitous in vacuum systems and so this work has its own particular challenges, especially in relation to the design and operational characteristics of the ion source. Initial work has revealed retention effects which reduce the sample clear out rates, and cause persistent backgrounds [4]. We will present results of our most recent efforts to control these problems.
[1] P. Collon et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 2004; 223/224: 428.
[2] M. Kidera et al., Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 2007; 13: 239.
[3] M. Hotchkis et al., Rapid Comm. Mass Spec. 2008; 22: 1408-1414.
[4] D. Button and M.A.C. Hotchkis, Proc. 18th ECRIS Workshop, Sept 15-18, 2008, Chicago, USA, http://www. JACoW.org/.

Slides TUCOCK04 [3.849 MB]

TUPOT001

Plans for Laser Ablation of Actinides into an ECRIS for Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy

ion, laser, ECR, ECRIS

110

R.C. Pardo, F.G. Kondev, S.A. Kondrashev, C. Nair, T. Palchan, E. Rehm, R.H. Scott, R.C. Vondrasek
ANL, Argonne, USA
P. Collon
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
G. Imel
ISU, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
C. McGrath, G. Palmotti, M. Salvatores, G. Youinou
Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, USA
M. Paul
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Racah Institute of Physics, Jerusalem, Israel

Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A project using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the ATLAS facility to measure neutron capture rates on a wide range of actinides in a reactor environment is underway. This project will require the measurement of many samples with high precision and accuracy. The AMS technique at ATLAS is based on production of highly-charged positive ions in an ECRIS followed by linear acceleration. We have chosen to use laser ablation as the best means of feeding the actinide material into the ion source because we believe this technique will have more efficiency and lower chamber contamination thus reducing ‘cross talk’ between samples. In addition a multi-sample holder/changer is part of the project to allow quick change between multiple samples. The status of the project, design, and goals for initial off-line ablation tests will be discussed as well as the overall project schedule.

Poster TUPOT001 [0.152 MB]

TUPOT004

Microgan ECR Ion Source in a Van de Graaff Accelerator Terminal

ion, controls, high-voltage, ECR

120

G. Gaubert, C. Bieth, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, X. Donzel, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand, A.C.C. Villari
PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
C. Chavez-de-Jesus, T. Gamboni, W. Geerts, G. Giorginis, R. Jaime Tornin, G. Lövestam, W. Mondelaers
JRC/IRMM, Geel, Belgium

The Van de Graaff accelerator at IRMM works since many years providing proton, deuteron and helium beams for nuclear data measurements. The original ion source was of RF type with quartz bottle. This kind of source, as well known, needs regular maintenance for which the accelerator tank must be completely opened. The heavy usage at high currents of the IRMM accelerator necessitated an opening about once every month. Recently, the full permanent magnet Microgan ECR ion source from PANTECHNIK was installed into a new terminal platform together with a solid state amplifier of 50W, a dedicated dosing system for 4 gases (with respective gas bottles H2, D2, He and Ar), and a set of dedicated power supplies and electronic devices for the remote tuning of the source. The new system shows a very stable behavior of the produced beam allowing running the Van de Graff without maintenance for several months. This contribution will describe the full installed system in details (working at high pressure in the terminal, spark effects and optic of the extraction).

Poster TUPOT004 [1.715 MB]

TUPOT006

Using Mass-Flow Controllers for Obtaining Extremely Stable ECR Ion Source Beams

ion, injection, ECR, controls

127

X. Donzel, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, G. Gaubert, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand, A.C.C. Villari
PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
R. Leroy
GANIL, Caen, France

Beam stability and reproducibility is of paramount importance in applications requiring precise control of implanted radiation dose, like in the case of Hadrontherapy. The beam intensity over several weeks or months should be kept constant. Moreover, the timing for changing the nature of the beam and, as a consequence, the tuning of the source should be minimized. Standard valves usually used in conjunction of ECR ion sources have the disadvantage of controlling the conductance, which can vary significantly with external conditions, like ambient temperature and inlet pressure of the gas. The use of flow controllers is the natural way for avoiding these external constraints. In this contribution we present the results obtained using a new model of Mass-flow controller in the source Supernanogan, for production of C⁴⁺ and H³⁺ beams. Extremely stable beams (± 2.5%) without retuning of the source over several weeks could be obtained. The reproducibility of the source tuning parameters could also be demonstrated.

Poster TUPOT006 [4.386 MB]

TUPOT008

Performance of the LBNL AECR-U with a TWTA

plasma, ion, resonance, coupling

133

J.Y. Benitez, D. Leitner, C.M. Lyneis
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
M.K. Covo
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

The Advanced Electron Cyclotron Resonance - Upgrade ion source (AECR-U) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has successfully utilized double frequency microwave heating (14.3 GHz and 10.4 GHz) for several years [1]. Recently a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA), providing frequencies in the range of 10.75GHz-12.75GHz, was added as a secondary heating frequency, replacing the previous 10.4 GHz Klystron. The TWTA opens the possibility to explore a wide range of secondary frequencies and a study has been conducted to understand and optimize its coupling into the AECR-U. In particular, the reflected power dependence on heating frequency has been mapped out with and without the presence of plasma. A comparison is made to determine how the presence of plasma, confinement fields, and other source parameters affect the reflected power and if and how the amount of reflected power can be correlated to the source ion beam performance.
[1] Z. Q. Xie and C. M. Lyneis, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66 (1995).

Poster TUPOT008 [0.213 MB]

TUPOT010

Effects of Microwave Frequency Fine Tuning on the Performance of JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS

plasma, ion, emittance, ECRIS

137

V.A. Toivanen, V.P. Aho, J. Ärje, P. Jones, J.A. Kauppinen, H. A. Koivisto, P. Peura, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
L. Celona, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
D. Mascali
CSFNSM, Catania, Italy
T. Ropponen
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Measurements have been carried out at Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL) to study the effects of microwave frequency fine tuning on the performance of JYFL 14 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source. The frequency was varied within an 85 MHz band around the normal operation frequency of 14.085 GHz. The radial bremsstrahlung emission was measured for plasma diagnostics purposes and mass separated ion beam currents extracted from the ion source were recorded at the same time. Also, beam quality studies were conducted by measuring the ion beam emittance and shape with and without enhanced space charge compensation. The obtained results are presented and possible origins of seen phenomena in measured quantities are discussed.

Poster TUPOT010 [0.678 MB]

TUPOT011

Measurement of the Diamagnetic Current on the LBNL 6.4 GHz ECR Ion Source

plasma, ECR, ECRIS, electron

140

J.D. Noland, J.Y. Benitez, M. Kireeff Covo, D. Leitner, C.M. Lyneis
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
J. Verboncoeur
UCB, Berkeley, California, USA

Two standard plasma diagnostics (x-ray spectroscopy and measurement of the diamagnetic current) have been employed at the LBNL 6.4 GHz ECR. These diagnostics are combined with time resolved current measurements to study the plasma breakdown, build up and decay times, as well as electron heating. Individual charged particles in a magnetized plasma orbit in such a way that the magnetic field produced by their motion opposes any externally applied magnetic field. When a charged particle density gradient exists in a plasma, a net current arises. This “diamagnetic” current is proportional to the time-rate-of-change of the perpendicular component of the plasma pressure, and can be measured with a loop of wire as the plasma ignites or decays. Another common plasma diagnostic that is used to characterize an ECR plasma is measurement of the x-ray spectra created when energetic electrons scatter off of plasma ions. The x-ray spectra provide insight on the relative abundance of electrons of different energies, and thus the electron energy distribution function. The x-ray spectra can also be used to estimate the total x-ray power produced by the plasma. In this paper diamagnetic loop diagnostics and set-up is described in detail. In addition, diamagnetic loop and low energy x-ray measurements (few keV to 100 keV) taken on the LBNL 6.4 GHz ECR ion source are presented and discussed.

Poster TUPOT011 [1.522 MB]

TUPOT012

Microwave Frequency Dependence of the Properties of the Ion Beam Extracted From a Caprice Type ECRIS

ion, plasma, ECRIS, ECR

143

F. Maimone, R. Lang, J. Mäder, J. Roßbach, P. Spädtke, K. Tinschert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
L. Celona
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
F. Maimone
DMFCI, Catania, Italy

In order to improve the quality of ion beams extracted from ECR ion sources it is mandatory to better understand the relations between the plasma conditions and the beam properties. The present investigations concentrate on the analysis of different beam properties under the influence of various applications of frequency tuning and of multiple frequency heating. The microwave frequency feeding the plasma affects the electromagnetic field distribution and the dimension and position of the ECR surface inside the plasma chamber. This in turn has an influence on the generation of the extracted ion beam in terms of its intensity, of its shape and of its emittance. In order to analyze the corresponding effects measurements have been performed with the Caprice type ECRIS installed at the ECR Injector Setup (EIS) of GSI. The experimental setup uses a new arrangement of one or more microwave sweep generators which feed a Traveling Wave Tube amplifier covering a wide frequency range from 12.5 to 18 GHz. This arrangement provides a precise determination of the frequencies and of the reflection coefficient along with the beam properties. A sequence of viewing targets positioned inside the beam line monitors the beam shape.

Poster TUPOT012 [1.245 MB]

TUPOT015

Permanent Magnet ECRIS for the KEK Digital Accelerator

ion, ECRIS, plasma, high-voltage

150

K.W. Leo, T. Adachi
Sokendai, Ibaraki, Japan
T. Arai, K. Koyama, M. Wake
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Okazaki
Nippon Advanced Technology Co. Ltd., Ibaraki-prefecture, Japan
K. Takayama
TIT, Yokohama, Japan

The existing KEK 500 MeV booster synchrotron is renovated into a digital accelerator (DA) capable of accelerating all species of ion [1]. The KEK-DA is an induction synchrotron employing no large injector. Its concept was demonstrated in 2006 using the 12 GeV proton synchrotron [2,3], where a proton bunch was accelerated with pulse voltages generated by a transformer instead of RF. In the KEK-DA, O, Ne, and Ar ions from the ECRIS embedded in the 200 kV high-voltage terminal (HVT) are directly injected into the ring though the low energy beam transport line. The permanent magnet ECRIS, in which a plasma is fired by x-band microwave pulses of 3 msec at 10 Hz, has been assembled at KEK. Its operational performance such as charge-state spectrum, emittance, and current is tested since the last year. In addition, the HVT with a voltage stabilizing circuit is being assembled now. Beam dynamical analysis from the cathode hall to the separation magnet, where possible charge-state ions are contaminated in the space-charge limit and beam focusing is realized through the Einzel lens and tandem acceleration gaps, is discussed as well as operational characteristics of the ECRIS.
[1] K. Takayama et al., “All-ion Accelerator: an Injector-free Synchrotron”, J. of Appl. Phys. 101, 063304(2007).
[2] K. Takayama et al., “Experimental Demonstration of the Induction Synchrotron”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 054801 (2007).
[3] K. Takayama and R.Briggs (Eds.), Induction Accelerators (Springer-Verlarg, 2010).

Poster TUPOT015 [1.947 MB]

TUPOT016

Long-Term Operation Experience With Two ECR Ion Sources and Planned Extensions at HIT

ion, extraction, proton, linac

153

T. Winkelmann, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, B. Naas, A. Peters
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

The HIT (Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center) is the first hospital-based treatment facility at a hospital in Europe where patients can be treated with protons and carbon ions. Since the commissioning starting in 2006 two 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources are routinely used to produce a variety of ion beams from protons up to oxygen. The operating time is 330 days per year, our experience after three years of continuous operation will be presented. In the future a helium beam for patient treatment is requested, therefore a third ion source will be integrated. This third ECR source with a newly designed extraction system and a spectrometer line will be installed at a testbench to commission and validate this section. Different test settings are foreseen to study helium operation as well as enhanced parameter sets for proton and carbon beams in combination with a modified beam transport line for higher transmission efficiency. An outlook to the possible integration scheme of the new ion source into the production facility will be discussed.

Poster TUPOT016 [4.294 MB]

TUPOT017

CEA/Saclay Light Ion Sources Status and Developments

ion, plasma, extraction, emittance

156

R. Gobin, C.M. Mateo, S. Nyckees
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
G. Adroit, G. Bourdelle, N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, F. Harrault, C. Marolles, B. Pottin, Y. Sauce, F. Senée, O. Tuske, T.V. Vacher, C. Van Hille
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

After several years of high intensity light ion beam production with the SILHI source, CEA Saclay is now involved in the construction of different injectors dedicated to large infrastructures like IFMIF or Spiral 2. Other installations are also interested by high intensity ion sources like ESS or FAIR. Such machines plan to produce and accelerate proton or deuteron beams in pulsed or continuous mode. The SILHI source, based on ECR plasma generation, already demonstrated its performance in both modes. As a consequence, at present time the construction of 2 new injectors for Spiral 2 and IFMIF (source and low energy beam lines) is in progress at CEA/Saclay. This article will report on the status of both installations. It will also point out on additional developments presently under progress for high intensity beam characterization or plasma production understanding. Such developments are mainly done with the new BETSI test bench operating for several months.

Poster TUPOT017 [2.020 MB]

TUPOT018

Sheath Formation of a Plasma Containing Multiply Charged Ions, Cold and Hot Electrons, and Emitted Electrons

electron, ion, plasma, resonance

159

H.J. You
NFRI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

A model of sheath formation was extended to a plasma containing multiply charged ions (MCIs), cold and hot electrons, and secondary electrons emitted either by MCIs or hot electrons. The present study was motivated by the fact that the secondary electron yields are strongly dependent on the charge state of the ions and on the incident energy of electrons. Therefore, the contributions of the secondary electron emissions on the sheath formation would be severe in ECRIS plasmas where the charge state of ions is high and highly energetic electrons exist. In the model, modification of the “Bohm criterion” was given; thereby the sheath potential drop and the critical emission condition were analyzed. The model calculations were made mainly on the effects of the emitted electrons on the variations of the sheath potential drop, the particle and heat flux to the wall, by which some explanations for the effect of secondary electrons in ECR ion sources are given.

Poster TUPOT018 [0.259 MB]

WECOBK01

Commissioning of the ECRIS Charge State Breeder at TRIUMF

ion, target, TRIUMF, background

178

F. Ames, R.A. Baartman, P.G. Bricault, K. Jayamanna
TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
T. Lamy
LPSC, Grenoble, France

Radioactive isotopes produced at the ISOL facility ISAC at TRIUMF are usually extracted from the target ion source system as singly charged ions. If the mass of those ions exceeds A=30 their acceleration requires the breeding to highly charged ions. A modified version of an ECRIS charge breeder (14.5 GHz PHOENIX from Pantechnik) has been installed and a first on-line test resulting in the successful acceleration of ⁸⁰Rb¹⁴⁺ has been performed already in 2008. During the radioactive beam time periods of 2009 and 2010 further measurements with stable and radioactive ions from different target ion source combinations have been performed to fully commission the system. Breeding efficiencies of several percent in the maximum of the charge state distribution have been achieved. Detailed results will be presented.

Slides WECOBK01 [1.230 MB]

WECOBK03

Fine Frequency Tuning of the PHOENIX Charge Breeder Used as a Probe for ECRIS Plasmas

ion, plasma, injection, ECR

184

T. Lamy, J. Angot, M. Marie-Jeanne, J. Médard, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland

Fine frequency tuning of ECR ion sources is a main issue to optimize the production of multiply charged ion beams. The PHOENIX charge breeder operation has been tested in the range 13,75 - 14,5 GHz with an HF power of about 400 W. The effect of this tuning is analyzed by measuring the multi-ionization efficiency obtained for various characterized injected 1+ ion beams (produced by the 2.45 GHz COMIC source). The 1+/n+ method includes the capture and the multi ionization processes of the 1+ beam and may be considered as a plasma probe. The n+ spectra obtained could be considered, in first approach, as an image of the plasma of the charge breeder. However, in certain conditions it has been observed that the injection of a few hundreds of nA of 1+ ions (i.e.: Xe¹⁺) in the plasma of the charge breeder, is able to destroy the charge state distribution of the support gas (i.e.: up to 40 % of O⁶⁺ and O⁷⁺ disappears). The study of this phenomenon will be presented along with plasma potential measurements for various charge states. This study may help to understand the ECRIS creation (or destruction) of highly charged ions.

Slides WECOBK03 [7.745 MB]

WECOBK04

Preliminary Results of Spatially Resolved ECR Ion Beam Profile Investigations

ion, extraction, ECR, ECRIS

188

L. Panitzsch, M. Stalder, R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
IEAP, Kiel, Germany

The Department of Experimental and Applied Physics (IEAP) at the University of Kiel (CAU Kiel) is establishing a solar wind laboratory for the calibration of space instrumentation. The main item of this facility is a 11GHz (Plateau) ECR ion source. It can be operated at two different radial magnetic confinements, using a set of permanent magnets in either hexapole or dodekapole arrangement. While beam focussing by moving the extraction along the beam line to match the ion beam into the analysing magnet is well known, little is known about beam steering by moving the extraction in the plane perpendicular to the beam line. For the hexapole-configuration we will present our results about the feasibility of ion beam focussing and steering using a 3D-movable extraction. The beam profiles of these measurements will be recorded in comparatively high resolution with a Faraday cup array (see paper doi: 10.|10|63/1.3246787). This method will be shortly introduced within this talk, as well.

Slides WECOBK04 [13.317 MB]

THCOAK02

Kinetic Plasma Simulation of Ion Beam Extraction from an ECR Ion Source

ion, simulation, ECR, electron

194

S.M. Elliott, E.K. White
Thin Film Consulting, Longmont, Colorado, USA
J. Simkin
Vector Fields Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom

Designing optimized ECR ion beam sources can be streamlined by the accurate simulation of beam optical properties in order to predict ion extraction behavior. The complexity of these models, however, can make PIC-based simulations time-consuming. In this paper, we first describe a simple kinetic plasma finite element simulation of extraction of a proton beam from a permanent magnet hexapole electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. Second, we analyze the influence of secondary electrons generated by ion collisions in the residual gas on the space charge of a proton beam of a dual-solenoid ECR ion source. The finite element method (FEM) offers a fast modeling environment, allowing analysis of ion beam behavior under conditions of varying current density, electrode potential, and gas pressure.

Slides THCOAK02 [0.821 MB]

THCOAK04

Modeling ECRIS Using a 1D Multifluid Code

extraction, ion, ECR, instrumentation

200

M. Stalder
IEAP, Kiel, Germany

We developed a one-dimensional (1D) multifluid code to simulate the production and the transport of multiple ion species in an electron cyclotron ion source (ECRIS). The ion species are assumed to be highly collisionally coupled. Each ion species is treated as a independent fluid. This allows us to study the influence of the ion temperature. The temperature is assumed to be equal for all charge states and in the whole ECRIS. As starting parameters we choose a hot magnetically trapped electron distribution, a cold electron distribution trapped by the plasma potential an the neutral density. Modeling the interaction of the different fluids led to a new understanding of the influence of the electrostatic potential that balances the pressure gradient of the ions species in the ECRIS. The highest charge states are not confined strongest as in the over barrier model but expelled in comparison to lower charge states. It can be shown that the relative velocity v of the treated fluids scales as v ~ T^5/3 with the ion temperature. First results of the simulations are presented together with a discussion of the modeling approach for the multifluid case and its theoretical predictions. As a baseline for our simulations we mainly used the results of the 1D GEM ECRIS fluid simulations.

Slides THCOAK04 [2.268 MB]

THCOBK01

Concluding Remarks

ion, ECR, plasma, ECRIS

201

T. Nakagawa
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan

Concluding remarks kindly done by Takahide Nakagawa

Slides THCOBK01 [0.436 MB]