ECRIS2010 - List of Keywords (extraction)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOCOCK01	PK-ISIS: a New Superconducting ECR Ion Source at Pantechnik	permanent-magnet, ion, ECR, ion-source	26
	A.C.C. Villari, C. Bieth, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, X. Donzel, G. Gaubert, R. Leroy, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble, France
	The new ECR ion source PK-ISIS was recently commissioned at Pantechnik. Three superconducting coils generate the axial magnetic field configuration while the radial magnetic field is done with multi-layer permanent magnets. Special care was devoted in the design of the hexapolar structure, allowing a maximum magnetic field of 1.32 T at the wall of the 82 mm diameter plasma chamber. The three superconducting coils using Low Temperature Superconducting wires are cooled by a single double stage cryo-cooler (4.2 K). Cryogen-free technology is used, providing reliability, easy maintenance at low cost. The maximum installed RF power (18.0 GHz) is of 2 kW. Metallic beams can be produced with an oven (Tmax = 1400 °C) installed with an angle of 5° with respect to the source axis or a sputtering system, mounted in the axis of the source. The beam extraction system is constituted of three electrodes in accel-decel configuration. Description of the source and results of the magnetic measurements will be given. Performances of the source in terms of beam intensities and charge states distribution will be presented.
	Slides MOCOCK01 [3.226 MB]

MOCOCK02	3D Simulation Studies and Optimization of Magnetic Holes of HTS-ECRIS for Improving the Extraction Efficiency and Intensities of Highly Charged Ions	plasma, ion, ECR, ion-source	27
	G. Rodrigues, R.N. Dutt, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, Y. Mathur, U.K. Rao, A. Roy IUAC, New Delhi, India R. Baskaran IGCAR, Channai, India
	3D simulation studies using RADIA code have been performed to optimise the magnetic holes in high temperature superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (HTS-ECRIS) ion source for improving the extraction efficiency and intensities of highly charged ions. The magnetic field improvements using simple techniques like optimisation of iron regions is found to be economical. The extraction efficiency can be increased three-fold in the case of a hexapole magnet depending on the level of the uniformity of the fields in the high and low regions. This technique further minimises localized heating of the plasma chamber walls which can improve the vacuum conditions in an ECR ion source. For superconducting sources where the x-ray heat load poses severe problems during operation, such a reduction of heating load is of great significance. The typical triangular pattern of the plasma impact observed on the plasma electrode of HTS ECRIS at various tuning conditions are reproduced by the simulations. Details of the simulations and experimental results will be presented.
	Slides MOCOCK02 [2.925 MB]

MOCOCK04	Measurement of the Sixty GHz ECR Ion Source using Megawatt Magnets - SEISM Magnetic Field Map	resonance, injection, ECR, ion-source	33
	M. Marie-Jeanne, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, L. Latrasse LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France F. Debray, J. Matera, R. Pfister, C. Trophime GHMFL, Grenoble, France
	LPSC has developed a prototype of 60GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Source called SEISM. The first 60GHz magnetic structure is based on a cusp geometry, using resistive polyhelix coils designed in collaboration with the Intense Magnetic Fields National Laboratory (LNCMI). A dedicated test bench helices coils in their tanks, electrical, and water cooling environment was built to study the mechanics, thermal behaviour and magnetic field characteristics obtained at various current levels. During the last months, measurements were performed for several magnetic configurations, with up to 7000A applied on the injection/extraction coils set. The magnetic field achieved at 13000A is expected to allow 28GHz ECR condition. However, cavitation issues that appeared around 7000A are to be solved before carrying on with the tests. This contribution will recall some of the crucial steps in the prototype fabrication, and show preliminary results from the measurements at 7000A. Possible explanations for the discrepancies observed between the results and the simulation will be given.
	Slides MOCOCK04 [3.243 MB]

MOCOCK05	Multigan®: a New Multicharged Ion Source Based on Axisymetric Magnetic Structure	ion, ECRIS, plasma, electron	37
	L. Maunoury, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, P. Jardin, P. Lehérissier, M. Michel, J.Y. Pacquet GANIL, Caen, France S. Biri ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary X. Donzel, G. Gaubert, R. Leroy, A.C.C. Villari PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France C. Pierret CIMAP, Caen, France
	Standard ECR ion sources have radial magnetic field created by a multi-pole, e.g. hexapole or higher order, which fills all space in the center of the source structure. Based on the Monogan® ECRIS [1] concept, a new multicharged ECR ions source has been designed with a large opening space in the center of the source structure. This particular design allows, in a first approach, direct radial contact with the ECR plasma, allowing positioning of probes and targets for radioactive beam production very close to the plasma region. Secondly, the absence of a multi-pole allows considering extremely high magnetic fields with significantly smaller structural constraints. This source is combining the advantages of the axisymetric magnetic feature of Monogan® with higher frequencies. This paper will describe the magnetic structure calculation as well as the mechanical design and stresses of a full permanent magnet ion source using this concept. This source will be the first prototype of such an ECR ion source. Finally, using TrapCad code [2], an estimation of the electronic energy distribution has been calculated and thus, the performance of the source has been deduced. The beam formation and extraction were also roughly calculated taking into account magnetic and electric fields. [1] P. Jardin et al., Review of Scientific Instruments, 73, 789 (2002). [2] L. Maunoury et al., Plasma Sources Science and Technology , 18, 015019 (2009).
	Slides MOCOCK05 [5.532 MB]

MOPOT001	Operation of KeiGM for the Carbon Ion Therapy Facility at Gunma University	ion, heavy-ion, ion-source, vacuum	40
	M. Muramatsu, S. Hojo, A. Kitagawa NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan Y. Kijima Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe, Japan H. Miyazaki, K. Sawada, T. Ueno SHI, Ehime, Japan K. Torikai, S. Yamada Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan M. Tsuchiyama, S. Ueda Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy Systems Centre, Kobe, Japan
	Carbon-ion radiotherapy has been carried out at Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Centre (GHMC) since March 2010. A compact ECR ion source for GHMC, so-called KeiGM, supplies C⁴⁺ ions for treatment. A microwave source with the traveling-wave-tube was adopted for KeiGM, with a frequency range and maximum power of 9.75 - 10.25 GHz and 750 W, respectively. KeiGM was operated from March to May 2010 for the clinical trial without any trouble and maintenance. KeiGM supplied the carbon ions from 7:30 in the morning to 0:00 midnight on weekdays. Sometimes it was operated for the beam tuning of accelerator on Saturday and Sunday too. The operation time of KeiGM for two months was about 780 hours. Although the beam intensity decreased by 20% at first, it has been constant for the last two months. The beam intensity of C⁴⁺ was 200 euA at 30 kV extraction in May 2010. The fluctuation of beam intensity was less than 10%. The operation parameters were as follows; the microwave frequency and power were 10.042 GHz and 300 W, respectively. CH4 gas was fed, and the gas flowrate was 0.054 cc/min. The extraction voltage was 30 kV. The repetition frequency and pulse width were 0.36 Hz and 50 msec, respectively. Gunma University has successfully treated the first 12 patients for the clinical trial, thus the Japanese Ministry of Health and Labor Welfare approved GHMC as “advanced medicine”. We will report the operation of KeiGM and the status of their daily treatment.
	Poster MOPOT001 [2.685 MB]

MOPOT002	Two-Chamber Configuration of the Bio-Nano ECRIS	ion, plasma, ECRIS, resonance	43
	T. Uchida, H. Minezaki, Y. Yoshida Toyo University, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan T. Asaji, K. Tanaka Tateyama Machine Co. Ltd., Toyama-shi, Japan S. Biri, R. Rácz ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary Y. Kato Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan A. Kitagawa, M. Muramatsu NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
	The Bio-Nano ECRIS was designed for new materials production on nano-scale [1]. Our main target is the endohedral fullerene, which have potential in medical care, biotechnology and nanotechnology. In particular, iron-encapsulated fullerene can be applied as a contrast material for magnetic resonance imaging or microwave heat therapy. There are several promising approaches to produce the endohedral fullerenes using an ECRIS. One of them is the ion-ion collision reaction of fullerenes and aliens ions to be encapsulated in the mixture plasma of them. Another way is the shooting of ion beam into a pre-prepared fullerene layer. In this study, the new device configuration of the Bio-Nano ECRIS is reported which allows the application of both methods. The plasma chamber is divided into two chambers by installing mesh electrodes. In the gas injection-side 1st chamber at 2.45 GHz plasmas (N₂, Ar, He, Fe,) are produced on the usual way. These ions then are extracted to the 2nd chamber where an evaporation boat for fullerene is installed. The fullerene neutrals can be ionized (using 10 GHz in the 2nd chamber) and are deposited on a large plasma electrode where they are continuously irradiated by the ions from the 1st chamber. The ions produced either in the 1st or 2nd chamber can be in-situ extracted and analyzed. The basic concept and the preliminary results using Ar gas and N₂ gas plasmas will be presented. [1] T. Uchida et al., Proc. ECRIS08, Chicago, USA, pp. 27-31 (2008)
	Poster MOPOT002 [6.248 MB]

MOPOT005	High Current Production with 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source	ion, ECR, ion-source, plasma	50
	A. Coly, T. Lamy, T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France G. Gaubert, A.C.C. Villari PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
	A new test bench has been installed at LPSC dedicated to 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Sources characterization. Several magnetic structures have been tested around the same plasma cavity. For example, a current density of 70 mA/cm² has been measured with the MONO1000 source lent by GANIL. An original ECRIS, named SPEED (for 'Source d'ions à aimants PErmanents et Extraction Dipôlaire'), presenting a dipolar magnetic field at the extraction will also be presented.
	Poster MOPOT005 [3.130 MB]

MOPOT011	DRAGON: a New 18 GHz RT ECR Ion Source with a Large Plasma Chamber	ECRIS, plasma, sextupole, injection	58
	W. Lu, D. Xie, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China W. Lu Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China L. Ruan, F.C. Song, B. Xiong, S. Yu, J. Yuan IEE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Building a strong radial magnetic field with a permanent hexapole magnet for an ECRIS is extremely challenging so that the conventional wisdom requires a small but not optimal plasma chamber that is typically of ID less or equal to 80 mm. A new 18 GHz RT ECR ion source, DRAGON, has been designed with a large bore permanent hexapole and source construction has begun at IMP. Its plasma chamber is of ID of 126 mm, the same as that of the superconducting ion source SECRAL, with maximum radial field strength reaching 1.5 Tesla at the plasma chamber wall. The overall magnetic strengths of DRAGON, with maximum axial fields of 2.7 Tesla at the injection and 1.3 Tesla at the extraction, are very similar to those of SECRAL operating at 18 GHz and hopefully the SECRAL performance. The source solenoid magnet coils are cooled by an evaporative coolant at about 50 degree C. In addition, the source is thickly insulated for beam extraction at 50 kV and higher voltage up to 100 kV can be explored. This article will present the design details and discussions of this new ion source.
	Poster MOPOT011 [0.563 MB]

MOPOT012	Tests of the Versatile Ion Source (VIS) for High Power Proton Beam Production	emittance, plasma, permanent-magnet, proton	61
	S. Gammino, G. Castro, L. Celona, G. Ciavola, D. Mascali, R. Miracoli INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy G. Adroit, O. Delferrière, R. Gobin, F. Senée CEA/DSM/IRFU, France F. Maimone GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The sources adapted to beam production for high power proton accelerators must obey to the request of high brightness, stability and reliability. The Versatile Ion Source (VIS) is based on permanent magnets (maximum value around 0.1 T on the chamber axis) producing an off-resonance microwave discharge. It operates up to 75 kV without a bulky high voltage platform, producing several tens of mA of proton beams and monocharged ions. The microwave injection system and the extraction electrodes geometry have been designed in order to optimize the beam brightness. Moreover, the VIS source ensures long time operations without maintenance and high reliability in order to fulfil the requirements of the future accelerators. A description of the main components and of the source performances will be given. A brief summary of the possible options for next developments of the project will be also presented, particularly for pulsed mode operations, that are relevant for some future projects (e.g. the European Spallation Source of Lund).

MOPOT014	The Design of 28 GHz ECR Ion Source for the Compact Linear Accelerator in Korea	ion, ECRIS, ion-source, ECR	67
	M. Won, B.S. Lee Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
	The construction of a compact linear accelerator is in progress by Korea Basic Science Institute. The main capability of this facility is the production of multiply ionized metal clusters and the generation more intense beams of highly charged ions for material, medical and nuclear physical research. To produce the intense beam of highly charged ions, we will construct an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) using 28 GHz microwaves. For this ECRIS, The design of a superconducting magnet, microwave inlet, beam extraction and plasma chamber was completed. Also we are constructing a superconducing magnet system. In this presentation, we will report the current status of development of our 28 GHz ECRIS.
	Poster MOPOT014 [3.823 MB]

TUCOAK03	Plasma-to-Target WARP Simulations of Uranium Beams Extracted from VENUS Compared to Emittance Measurements and Beam Images	ion, simulation, ion-source, emittance	81
	D. Winklehner, J.Y. Benitez, D. Leitner, M.M. Strohmeier, D.S. Todd LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA D.P. Grote LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	The superconducting ECR ion source VENUS was built as injector for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and as prototype injector for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) in Michigan. This work presents the latest results of an ongoing effort to simulate both, the extraction from ECR ion sources, and the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). Its aim is to help understand the influence of parameters like initial ion distributions at the extraction aperture, ion temperatures and beam neutralization on the quality of the beam and to provide a design-tool for increasing the efficiency of the extraction- and transport-system. The initial conditions (i.e. spatial- and velocity-distribution of the ions prior to extraction from the ion source) are obtained semi-empirically by tracking the ions of different species from sputter marks on the biased disk on the far end of the source to the extraction region by following the magnetic field lines and scaling the Larmor radii of the ions appropriately. Extraction from the plasma and consequently the source is then simulated with the versatile WARP simulation code. The same code is also used for the actual simulation of ion transport through the beam line. Simulations of multi-species Uranium beams with different drain currents, initial ion temperatures and levels of neutralization in the beam line are compared to each other and to emittance measurements and beam profiles of VENUS beams.
	Slides TUCOAK03 [2.382 MB]

TUCOAK04	Production of Highly Charged U Ion Beam from RIKEN SC-ECRIS	ion, emittance, ECRIS, target	84
	Y. Higurashi, M. Fujimaki, A. Goto, H. Haba, E. Ikezawa, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, M. Komiyama, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, Y. Watanabe RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan T. Aihara, M. Tamura, A. Uchiyama SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
	In 2008, we successfully produced 345 MeV/u U beam (~0.4 pnA on target) for RIKEN RIBF project. However, to meet the requirement of the RIBF (primary beam intensity of 1pμA on target), we still need to increase the beam intensity. To increase the beam intensity of U ion, we started to make a test experiments for production of U ion beam from the new SC-ECRIS. In this experiment, we produced 2~1.5 pμA of medium charge state U ion (ex., 55 eμA of U³¹⁺, 57 eμA of U²⁷⁺) at the RF power of 1.2 kW with sputtering method. For testing the effect of the ionized gas on the U ion beam, we chose Ar, Ar + O₂ and O₂ gas for producing U ion beam. In this experiment, we observed that the beam intensity of lower charge state of U ion beam (<33+) was increased and the emittance of the U ion beam was decreased from ~0.1 π.mm mrad (1rms) to 0.05 π.mm mrad with adding Ar gas to O₂ gas. Using this method, we supplied U³⁵⁺ beam for ~1 month without break for the RIBF experiment. In this contribution, we present the experimental results for production of U ion beam from SC-ECRIS in detail and future plan to increase the U ion beam intensity.
	Slides TUCOAK04 [1.709 MB]

TUCOCK01	Beam, Multi-Beam and Broad Beam Production with COMIC Devices	plasma, cavity, ion, high-voltage	99
	P. Sortais, J. Angot, T. Lamy, J. Médard LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France C. Peaucelle IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France
	The COMIC discharge cavity is a very versatile technology. We will present new results and devices that match new applications like: molecular beams, ultra compact beam line for detectors calibrations, quartz source for on-line application, high voltage platform source, sputtering /assistance broad beams and finally, a quite new use, high energy multi¬-beam production for surface material modifications. In more details, we will show that the tiny discharge of COMIC can mainly produce molecular ions (H³⁺). We will present the preliminary operation of the fully quartz ISOLDE COMIC version, in collaboration with IPN-Lyon, we will present a first approach for a slit extraction version of a three cavity device, and after discussing about various extraction systems on the multi discharge device (41 cavities) we will show the low energy broad beam (2 KV) and high energy multi-beams (10 beams up to 30 KV) productions. We will specially present the different extraction systems adapted to each application and the beams characteristics which are strongly dependent on the voltage distribution of an accel-accel two electrodes extraction system.
	Slides TUCOCK01 [4.960 MB]

TUCOCK02	Status of the High Current Permanent Magnet 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at Peking University	ion, ion-source, plasma, ECR	102
	S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, Y.R. Lu, H.T. Ren, Z.Z. Song, J.X. Yu, Z.X. Yuan, M. Zhang, J. Zhao PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Several compact 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) have been developed at Peking University for ion implantation[1], separated function Radio Frequency quadruple (SFRFQ)[2] and for the Peking University Neutron Imaging Facility (PKUNIFTY)[3]. Studies are focused on methods of magnetic field generation, magnetic fields configuration, microwave window design, microwave coupling, and structure selection of extraction electrodes. Up to now, our sources have produced 25 mA O+/ He⁺ ion, 10mA N+ ion, 100 mA H⁺ and 83 mA D⁺ ions, respectively. Details will be reported in the paper. [1] Z. Song, D. Jiang, and J. Yu, Rev. Sci. Instr., 67,1003(1996). [2] S. X. Peng, M. Zhang, Z. Z. Song, R. Xu, J. Zhao, Z. X. Yuan, J. X. Yu, J. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, Rev. Sci. Instr., 2008, 79: 02B706. [3] M. Zhang, S. X. Peng, H. T. Ren, Z. Z. Song, Z. X. Yuan, Q. F. Zhou, P. N. Lu, R. Xu, J. Zhao, J. X. Yu, J. E. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, and Y. R. Lu, Rev. Sci. Instr. 2010, 81:02B715.
	Slides TUCOCK02 [3.144 MB]

TUCOCK03	Development of 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source at KAERI	ECR, plasma, ion, ion-source	105
	B.H. Oh, D.S. Chang, C.K. Hwang, S.R. In, S.H. Jeong, J.T. Jin, K.W. Lee, C.S. Seo KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
	A 14 GHz ECRIS has been designed and fabricated in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) to produce multi-charged ion beam (especially for C⁶⁺ ion beam) for medical applications. The magnet system has solenoid coils made with copper conductor and a hexapole made with permanent magnet. The solenoid coils are composed of two axial coils to make mirror fields in both sides of the chamber and one trim coil at the center to control the layer of the resonance region. The hexapole is made with 24-sector NdFeB permanent magnet. Radial field higher than 1.2 T at the chamber wall position has been measured, and axial field higher than 1.7 T at the entrance center of RF power and 1.1 T at the exit center of ion beam have been measured. A welded tube with aluminum and stainless steel is used for a ECR plasma chamber to improve the production of secondary electron. Cooling channel is made on the wall of the Al tube. A 2 kW Krystron is used as a microwave energy source. A DC break made with PEEK(Polyether Ether Ketone) for high voltage insulation and field shielding, and a RF window made with ceramic for vacuum insulation are inserted in the RF circuit. A movable beam extractor with 8 mm aperture covers different species and different charge numbers of the beam. Experimental results on ECR plasma and initial beam extraction with KAERI ECR ion source will be discussed.
	Slides TUCOCK03 [2.342 MB]

TUPOT007	Preliminary Design of BLISI, an Off Resonance Microwave Proton Source	plasma, ion, proton, resonance	130
	S. Djekic, I. Bustinduy, D. Cortazar, D. Fernandez-Cañoto, H. Hassanzadegan, J.L. Munoz, D. de Cos ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain F.J. Bermejo Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain M.A. Carrera, J.H. Galipienzo AVS, Eibar, Gipuzkoa, Spain V. Etxebarria, J. Jugo, J. Portilla University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain J. Feuchtwanger, I. Rueda ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain J. Lucas Elytt Energy, Madrid, Spain
	A new high current off resonance microwave H⁺ source is currently in the last stages of design at ESS-Bilbao, in collaboration with two external companies Elytt and AVS. The design is intended to be a high-stability, high-current ion source capable of delivering a 70 mA proton beam with a 70 keV energy at the end of the extraction. The plasma system designed by Elytt consists of a water-cooled plasma chamber that sits between two independently powered magnetic coils that generate the ECR magnetic field; in addition they can be moved independently to further shape the magnetic field in the chamber. A CPI 2.7 GHz klystron provides the microwave energy and a fully controlled microwave system to minimize reflected power and improve the source overall performance is also under construction. The extraction column designed by AVS will consist of a movable tetrode system designed for a maximum acceleration potential of 70 kV, the shape of the electrodes is at an earlier design stage at ESS-Bilbao. We will present the current layout of the source, simulations and schematics of the source.
	Poster TUPOT007 [3.954 MB]

TUPOT014	Optimized Extraction Conditions From High Power ECRIS by Dedicated Dielectric Structures	plasma, ion, electron, ECRIS	147
	L. Schächter, S. Dobrescu IFIN, Magurele- Bucuresti, Romania K.E. Stiebing IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
	The MD-method of enhancing the ion output from ECR ion sources is well established and basically works via two mechanisms, the regenerative injection of cold electrons from an emissive dielectric layer on the plasma chamber walls and via the cutting of compensating wall currents, which results in an improved ion extraction from the plasma. As this extraction from the plasma becomes a more and more challenging issue for modern ECRIS installations with high microwave power input, a series of experiments was carried out at the 14 GHz ECRIS of the Institut für Kernphysik in Frankfurt/Main, Germany (IKF). In contrast to our earlier work, in these experiments emphasis was put on the second of the above mechanisms namely to influence the sheath potential at the extraction by structures with special dielectric properties. Two different types of dielectric structures, Tantalum-oxide and Aluminum oxide (the latter also being used for the MD-method) with contrastingly different electrical properties were mounted on the extraction electrode of the IKF-ECRIS, facing the plasma. For both structures an increase of the extracted ion beam currents for middle and high charge states by 60-80 % was observed. The method is able to be applied also to other ECR ion sources for increasing the extracted ion beam performances.
	Poster TUPOT014 [0.510 MB]

TUPOT016	Long-Term Operation Experience With Two ECR Ion Sources and Planned Extensions at HIT	ion, ion-source, proton, linac	153
	T. Winkelmann, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, B. Naas, A. Peters HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	The HIT (Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center) is the first hospital-based treatment facility at a hospital in Europe where patients can be treated with protons and carbon ions. Since the commissioning starting in 2006 two 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources are routinely used to produce a variety of ion beams from protons up to oxygen. The operating time is 330 days per year, our experience after three years of continuous operation will be presented. In the future a helium beam for patient treatment is requested, therefore a third ion source will be integrated. This third ECR source with a newly designed extraction system and a spectrometer line will be installed at a testbench to commission and validate this section. Different test settings are foreseen to study helium operation as well as enhanced parameter sets for proton and carbon beams in combination with a modified beam transport line for higher transmission efficiency. An outlook to the possible integration scheme of the new ion source into the production facility will be discussed.
	Poster TUPOT016 [4.294 MB]

TUPOT017	CEA/Saclay Light Ion Sources Status and Developments	ion, plasma, ion-source, emittance	156
	R. Gobin, C.M. Mateo, S. Nyckees CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France G. Adroit, G. Bourdelle, N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, F. Harrault, C. Marolles, B. Pottin, Y. Sauce, F. Senée, O. Tuske, T.V. Vacher, C. Van Hille CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
	After several years of high intensity light ion beam production with the SILHI source, CEA Saclay is now involved in the construction of different injectors dedicated to large infrastructures like IFMIF or Spiral 2. Other installations are also interested by high intensity ion sources like ESS or FAIR. Such machines plan to produce and accelerate proton or deuteron beams in pulsed or continuous mode. The SILHI source, based on ECR plasma generation, already demonstrated its performance in both modes. As a consequence, at present time the construction of 2 new injectors for Spiral 2 and IFMIF (source and low energy beam lines) is in progress at CEA/Saclay. This article will report on the status of both installations. It will also point out on additional developments presently under progress for high intensity beam characterization or plasma production understanding. Such developments are mainly done with the new BETSI test bench operating for several months.
	Poster TUPOT017 [2.020 MB]

WECOAK04	Bremsstrahlung and Ion Beam Current Measurements With SuSI ECR Ion Source	plasma, radiation, collimation, ion	171
	T. Ropponen, D.G. Cole, G. Machicoane, A. Stolz, L.T. Sun, L. Tobos NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	The Superconducting Source for Ions (SuSI) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University is a fully superconducting 3rd generation ECR ion source. The axial magnetic field is generated by six solenoid magnets which allow to control the magnetic field characteristics, such as resonance locations, mirror ratios and magnetic field gradients, almost independently. In addition, a collimation scheme in the SuSI beam line after the analyzing magnet has been developed to optimize the ion beam production from the ion source within a given acceptance. These aspects make SuSI an excellent tool for ECRIS research and development. In this paper we will focus on the bremsstrahlung and ion beam current measurements where the gradient on the magnetic field is changed while keeping the Bmin and axial plasma length as constants. We will also show how the shift of the extraction side resonance location affects the extracted ion beam currents and radiation spectra and, finally, we will discuss about the effect of flatB mode with a modern superconducting ECR ion source on the ion beam production and radiation levels.
	Slides WECOAK04 [3.752 MB]

WECOBK02	Recent Performance of the ANL ECR Charge Breeder	injection, plasma, ion, ECR	181
	R.C. Vondrasek, A. Kolomiets, R.C. Pardo, R.H. Scott ANL, Argonne, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The construction of the Californium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU), a new radioactive beam facility for the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS), is nearing completion. The facility will use fission fragments, with charge 1+ or 2+, from a 1 Ci ²⁵²Cf source; thermalized and collected into a low-energy particle beam by a helium gas catcher. An existing ATLAS ECR ion source was modified to function as a charge breeder in order to raise the ion charge sufficiently for acceleration in the ATLAS linac. A surface ionization source or an RF discharge source provide beams for charge breeding studies. An achieved efficiency of 11.9% for ⁸⁵Rb¹⁹⁺, with a breeding time of 200 msec, and 15.6% for ⁸⁴Kr¹⁷⁺ has been realized. Both results are with the source operating with two RF frequencies (10.44 + 11.90 GHz). After modification to the injection side iron plug, the charge breeder has been operated at 50 kV, a necessary condition for the resolution of the isobar separator.
	Slides WECOBK02 [3.351 MB]

WECOBK04	Preliminary Results of Spatially Resolved ECR Ion Beam Profile Investigations	ion, ion-source, ECR, ECRIS	188
	L. Panitzsch, M. Stalder, R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber IEAP, Kiel, Germany
	The Department of Experimental and Applied Physics (IEAP) at the University of Kiel (CAU Kiel) is establishing a solar wind laboratory for the calibration of space instrumentation. The main item of this facility is a 11GHz (Plateau) ECR ion source. It can be operated at two different radial magnetic confinements, using a set of permanent magnets in either hexapole or dodekapole arrangement. While beam focussing by moving the extraction along the beam line to match the ion beam into the analysing magnet is well known, little is known about beam steering by moving the extraction in the plane perpendicular to the beam line. For the hexapole-configuration we will present our results about the feasibility of ion beam focussing and steering using a 3D-movable extraction. The beam profiles of these measurements will be recorded in comparatively high resolution with a Faraday cup array (see paper doi: 10.\|10\|63/1.3246787). This method will be shortly introduced within this talk, as well.
	Slides WECOBK04 [13.317 MB]

THCOAK01	A Correction Scheme for the Hexapolar Error of an Ion Beam Extracted from an ECRIS	ion, simulation, plasma, emittance	191
	P. Spädtke, R. Lang, J. Mäder, F. Maimone, J. Roßbach, K. Tinschert GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The extraction of any ion beam from ECRIS is determined by the good confinement of such ion sources. It has been shown earlier, that the ions are coming from these places, where the confinement is weakest. The assumption that the low energy ions are strongly bound to the magnetic field lines require furthermore, that only these ions which start on a magnetic field line which go through the extraction aperture can be extracted. Depending on the setting of the magnetic field, these field lines may come from the loss lines at plasma chamber radius. Because the longitudinal position of these field lines depends on the azimuthal position at the extraction electrode, the ions are extracted from different magnetic flux densities. Whereas the solenoidal component is not curable, the hexapolar component can be compensated by an additional hexapole after the first beam line focusing solenoid. The hexapole has to be rotatable in azimuthal direction and moveable in longitudinal direction. For a good correction the beam needs to have such a radial phase space distribution, that the force given by this hexapole act on the aberrated beam exactly in such a way to create a linear distribution after that corrector.
	Slides THCOAK01 [1.115 MB]

THCOAK03	Dipole Magnet Optimization for High Efficiency Low Energy Beam Transport	emittance, simulation, ECRIS, ion	197
	S. Saminathan, J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg, V. Mironov, J. Mulder KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
	Losses in the low-energy beam transport line from KVI-AECRIS to AGOR cyclotron are estimated to be around 50%. Numerical simulations of the beam transport were performed using the tracing code LORENTZ-3D. It was found that most of the losses are due to second order optical aberrations in the 110-degree analyzing magnet. These aberrations result in an increase of the effective emittance in both horizontal and vertical directions. We will show that by suitably modifying the magnet pole surfaces the second-order aberrations can be compensated to a large extent resulting in a substantially lower effective emittance of the transported beam.
	Slides THCOAK03 [1.102 MB]

THCOAK04	Modeling ECRIS Using a 1D Multifluid Code	ion, ECR, ion-source, instrumentation	200
	M. Stalder IEAP, Kiel, Germany
	We developed a one-dimensional (1D) multifluid code to simulate the production and the transport of multiple ion species in an electron cyclotron ion source (ECRIS). The ion species are assumed to be highly collisionally coupled. Each ion species is treated as a independent fluid. This allows us to study the influence of the ion temperature. The temperature is assumed to be equal for all charge states and in the whole ECRIS. As starting parameters we choose a hot magnetically trapped electron distribution, a cold electron distribution trapped by the plasma potential an the neutral density. Modeling the interaction of the different fluids led to a new understanding of the influence of the electrostatic potential that balances the pressure gradient of the ions species in the ECRIS. The highest charge states are not confined strongest as in the over barrier model but expelled in comparison to lower charge states. It can be shown that the relative velocity v of the treated fluids scales as v ~ T^5/3 with the ion temperature. First results of the simulations are presented together with a discussion of the modeling approach for the multifluid case and its theoretical predictions. As a baseline for our simulations we mainly used the results of the 1D GEM ECRIS fluid simulations.
	Slides THCOAK04 [2.268 MB]

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOCOCK01

PK-ISIS: a New Superconducting ECR Ion Source at Pantechnik

permanent-magnet, ion, ECR, ion-source

26

A.C.C. Villari, C. Bieth, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, X. Donzel, G. Gaubert, R. Leroy, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand
PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble, France

The new ECR ion source PK-ISIS was recently commissioned at Pantechnik. Three superconducting coils generate the axial magnetic field configuration while the radial magnetic field is done with multi-layer permanent magnets. Special care was devoted in the design of the hexapolar structure, allowing a maximum magnetic field of 1.32 T at the wall of the 82 mm diameter plasma chamber. The three superconducting coils using Low Temperature Superconducting wires are cooled by a single double stage cryo-cooler (4.2 K). Cryogen-free technology is used, providing reliability, easy maintenance at low cost. The maximum installed RF power (18.0 GHz) is of 2 kW. Metallic beams can be produced with an oven (Tmax = 1400 °C) installed with an angle of 5° with respect to the source axis or a sputtering system, mounted in the axis of the source. The beam extraction system is constituted of three electrodes in accel-decel configuration. Description of the source and results of the magnetic measurements will be given. Performances of the source in terms of beam intensities and charge states distribution will be presented.

Slides MOCOCK01 [3.226 MB]

MOCOCK02

3D Simulation Studies and Optimization of Magnetic Holes of HTS-ECRIS for Improving the Extraction Efficiency and Intensities of Highly Charged Ions

plasma, ion, ECR, ion-source

27

G. Rodrigues, R.N. Dutt, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, Y. Mathur, U.K. Rao, A. Roy
IUAC, New Delhi, India
R. Baskaran
IGCAR, Channai, India

3D simulation studies using RADIA code have been performed to optimise the magnetic holes in high temperature superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (HTS-ECRIS) ion source for improving the extraction efficiency and intensities of highly charged ions. The magnetic field improvements using simple techniques like optimisation of iron regions is found to be economical. The extraction efficiency can be increased three-fold in the case of a hexapole magnet depending on the level of the uniformity of the fields in the high and low regions. This technique further minimises localized heating of the plasma chamber walls which can improve the vacuum conditions in an ECR ion source. For superconducting sources where the x-ray heat load poses severe problems during operation, such a reduction of heating load is of great significance. The typical triangular pattern of the plasma impact observed on the plasma electrode of HTS ECRIS at various tuning conditions are reproduced by the simulations. Details of the simulations and experimental results will be presented.

Slides MOCOCK02 [2.925 MB]

MOCOCK04

Measurement of the Sixty GHz ECR Ion Source using Megawatt Magnets - SEISM Magnetic Field Map

resonance, injection, ECR, ion-source

33

M. Marie-Jeanne, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, L. Latrasse
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
F. Debray, J. Matera, R. Pfister, C. Trophime
GHMFL, Grenoble, France

LPSC has developed a prototype of 60GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Source called SEISM. The first 60GHz magnetic structure is based on a cusp geometry, using resistive polyhelix coils designed in collaboration with the Intense Magnetic Fields National Laboratory (LNCMI). A dedicated test bench helices coils in their tanks, electrical, and water cooling environment was built to study the mechanics, thermal behaviour and magnetic field characteristics obtained at various current levels. During the last months, measurements were performed for several magnetic configurations, with up to 7000A applied on the injection/extraction coils set. The magnetic field achieved at 13000A is expected to allow 28GHz ECR condition. However, cavitation issues that appeared around 7000A are to be solved before carrying on with the tests. This contribution will recall some of the crucial steps in the prototype fabrication, and show preliminary results from the measurements at 7000A. Possible explanations for the discrepancies observed between the results and the simulation will be given.

Slides MOCOCK04 [3.243 MB]

MOCOCK05

Multigan®: a New Multicharged Ion Source Based on Axisymetric Magnetic Structure

ion, ECRIS, plasma, electron

37

L. Maunoury, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, P. Jardin, P. Lehérissier, M. Michel, J.Y. Pacquet
GANIL, Caen, France
S. Biri
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
X. Donzel, G. Gaubert, R. Leroy, A.C.C. Villari
PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
C. Pierret
CIMAP, Caen, France

Standard ECR ion sources have radial magnetic field created by a multi-pole, e.g. hexapole or higher order, which fills all space in the center of the source structure. Based on the Monogan® ECRIS [1] concept, a new multicharged ECR ions source has been designed with a large opening space in the center of the source structure. This particular design allows, in a first approach, direct radial contact with the ECR plasma, allowing positioning of probes and targets for radioactive beam production very close to the plasma region. Secondly, the absence of a multi-pole allows considering extremely high magnetic fields with significantly smaller structural constraints. This source is combining the advantages of the axisymetric magnetic feature of Monogan® with higher frequencies. This paper will describe the magnetic structure calculation as well as the mechanical design and stresses of a full permanent magnet ion source using this concept. This source will be the first prototype of such an ECR ion source. Finally, using TrapCad code [2], an estimation of the electronic energy distribution has been calculated and thus, the performance of the source has been deduced. The beam formation and extraction were also roughly calculated taking into account magnetic and electric fields.
[1] P. Jardin et al., Review of Scientific Instruments, 73, 789 (2002).
[2] L. Maunoury et al., Plasma Sources Science and Technology , 18, 015019 (2009).

Slides MOCOCK05 [5.532 MB]

MOPOT001

Operation of KeiGM for the Carbon Ion Therapy Facility at Gunma University

ion, heavy-ion, ion-source, vacuum

40

M. Muramatsu, S. Hojo, A. Kitagawa
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
Y. Kijima
Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy & Public Infrastructure Systems Center, Kobe, Japan
H. Miyazaki, K. Sawada, T. Ueno
SHI, Ehime, Japan
K. Torikai, S. Yamada
Gunma University, Heavy-Ion Medical Research Center, Maebashi-Gunma, Japan
M. Tsuchiyama, S. Ueda
Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Energy Systems Centre, Kobe, Japan

Carbon-ion radiotherapy has been carried out at Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Centre (GHMC) since March 2010. A compact ECR ion source for GHMC, so-called KeiGM, supplies C⁴⁺ ions for treatment. A microwave source with the traveling-wave-tube was adopted for KeiGM, with a frequency range and maximum power of 9.75 - 10.25 GHz and 750 W, respectively. KeiGM was operated from March to May 2010 for the clinical trial without any trouble and maintenance. KeiGM supplied the carbon ions from 7:30 in the morning to 0:00 midnight on weekdays. Sometimes it was operated for the beam tuning of accelerator on Saturday and Sunday too. The operation time of KeiGM for two months was about 780 hours. Although the beam intensity decreased by 20% at first, it has been constant for the last two months. The beam intensity of C⁴⁺ was 200 euA at 30 kV extraction in May 2010. The fluctuation of beam intensity was less than 10%. The operation parameters were as follows; the microwave frequency and power were 10.042 GHz and 300 W, respectively. CH4 gas was fed, and the gas flowrate was 0.054 cc/min. The extraction voltage was 30 kV. The repetition frequency and pulse width were 0.36 Hz and 50 msec, respectively. Gunma University has successfully treated the first 12 patients for the clinical trial, thus the Japanese Ministry of Health and Labor Welfare approved GHMC as “advanced medicine”. We will report the operation of KeiGM and the status of their daily treatment.

Poster MOPOT001 [2.685 MB]

MOPOT002

Two-Chamber Configuration of the Bio-Nano ECRIS

ion, plasma, ECRIS, resonance

43

T. Uchida, H. Minezaki, Y. Yoshida
Toyo University, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
T. Asaji, K. Tanaka
Tateyama Machine Co. Ltd., Toyama-shi, Japan
S. Biri, R. Rácz
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
Y. Kato
Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
A. Kitagawa, M. Muramatsu
NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan

The Bio-Nano ECRIS was designed for new materials production on nano-scale [1]. Our main target is the endohedral fullerene, which have potential in medical care, biotechnology and nanotechnology. In particular, iron-encapsulated fullerene can be applied as a contrast material for magnetic resonance imaging or microwave heat therapy. There are several promising approaches to produce the endohedral fullerenes using an ECRIS. One of them is the ion-ion collision reaction of fullerenes and aliens ions to be encapsulated in the mixture plasma of them. Another way is the shooting of ion beam into a pre-prepared fullerene layer. In this study, the new device configuration of the Bio-Nano ECRIS is reported which allows the application of both methods. The plasma chamber is divided into two chambers by installing mesh electrodes. In the gas injection-side 1st chamber at 2.45 GHz plasmas (N₂, Ar, He, Fe,) are produced on the usual way. These ions then are extracted to the 2nd chamber where an evaporation boat for fullerene is installed. The fullerene neutrals can be ionized (using 10 GHz in the 2nd chamber) and are deposited on a large plasma electrode where they are continuously irradiated by the ions from the 1st chamber. The ions produced either in the 1st or 2nd chamber can be in-situ extracted and analyzed. The basic concept and the preliminary results using Ar gas and N₂ gas plasmas will be presented.
[1] T. Uchida et al., Proc. ECRIS08, Chicago, USA, pp. 27-31 (2008)

Poster MOPOT002 [6.248 MB]

MOPOT005

High Current Production with 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source

ion, ECR, ion-source, plasma

50

A. Coly, T. Lamy, T. Thuillier
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
G. Gaubert, A.C.C. Villari
PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France

A new test bench has been installed at LPSC dedicated to 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Sources characterization. Several magnetic structures have been tested around the same plasma cavity. For example, a current density of 70 mA/cm² has been measured with the MONO1000 source lent by GANIL. An original ECRIS, named SPEED (for 'Source d'ions à aimants PErmanents et Extraction Dipôlaire'), presenting a dipolar magnetic field at the extraction will also be presented.

Poster MOPOT005 [3.130 MB]

MOPOT011

DRAGON: a New 18 GHz RT ECR Ion Source with a Large Plasma Chamber

ECRIS, plasma, sextupole, injection

58

W. Lu, D. Xie, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
W. Lu
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
L. Ruan, F.C. Song, B. Xiong, S. Yu, J. Yuan
IEE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Building a strong radial magnetic field with a permanent hexapole magnet for an ECRIS is extremely challenging so that the conventional wisdom requires a small but not optimal plasma chamber that is typically of ID less or equal to 80 mm. A new 18 GHz RT ECR ion source, DRAGON, has been designed with a large bore permanent hexapole and source construction has begun at IMP. Its plasma chamber is of ID of 126 mm, the same as that of the superconducting ion source SECRAL, with maximum radial field strength reaching 1.5 Tesla at the plasma chamber wall. The overall magnetic strengths of DRAGON, with maximum axial fields of 2.7 Tesla at the injection and 1.3 Tesla at the extraction, are very similar to those of SECRAL operating at 18 GHz and hopefully the SECRAL performance. The source solenoid magnet coils are cooled by an evaporative coolant at about 50 degree C. In addition, the source is thickly insulated for beam extraction at 50 kV and higher voltage up to 100 kV can be explored. This article will present the design details and discussions of this new ion source.

Poster MOPOT011 [0.563 MB]

MOPOT012

Tests of the Versatile Ion Source (VIS) for High Power Proton Beam Production

emittance, plasma, permanent-magnet, proton

61

S. Gammino, G. Castro, L. Celona, G. Ciavola, D. Mascali, R. Miracoli
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Adroit, O. Delferrière, R. Gobin, F. Senée
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France
F. Maimone
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The sources adapted to beam production for high power proton accelerators must obey to the request of high brightness, stability and reliability. The Versatile Ion Source (VIS) is based on permanent magnets (maximum value around 0.1 T on the chamber axis) producing an off-resonance microwave discharge. It operates up to 75 kV without a bulky high voltage platform, producing several tens of mA of proton beams and monocharged ions. The microwave injection system and the extraction electrodes geometry have been designed in order to optimize the beam brightness. Moreover, the VIS source ensures long time operations without maintenance and high reliability in order to fulfil the requirements of the future accelerators. A description of the main components and of the source performances will be given. A brief summary of the possible options for next developments of the project will be also presented, particularly for pulsed mode operations, that are relevant for some future projects (e.g. the European Spallation Source of Lund).

MOPOT014

The Design of 28 GHz ECR Ion Source for the Compact Linear Accelerator in Korea

ion, ECRIS, ion-source, ECR

67

M. Won, B.S. Lee
Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea

The construction of a compact linear accelerator is in progress by Korea Basic Science Institute. The main capability of this facility is the production of multiply ionized metal clusters and the generation more intense beams of highly charged ions for material, medical and nuclear physical research. To produce the intense beam of highly charged ions, we will construct an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) using 28 GHz microwaves. For this ECRIS, The design of a superconducting magnet, microwave inlet, beam extraction and plasma chamber was completed. Also we are constructing a superconducing magnet system. In this presentation, we will report the current status of development of our 28 GHz ECRIS.

Poster MOPOT014 [3.823 MB]

TUCOAK03

Plasma-to-Target WARP Simulations of Uranium Beams Extracted from VENUS Compared to Emittance Measurements and Beam Images

ion, simulation, ion-source, emittance

81

D. Winklehner, J.Y. Benitez, D. Leitner, M.M. Strohmeier, D.S. Todd
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
D.P. Grote
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

The superconducting ECR ion source VENUS was built as injector for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and as prototype injector for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) in Michigan. This work presents the latest results of an ongoing effort to simulate both, the extraction from ECR ion sources, and the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT). Its aim is to help understand the influence of parameters like initial ion distributions at the extraction aperture, ion temperatures and beam neutralization on the quality of the beam and to provide a design-tool for increasing the efficiency of the extraction- and transport-system. The initial conditions (i.e. spatial- and velocity-distribution of the ions prior to extraction from the ion source) are obtained semi-empirically by tracking the ions of different species from sputter marks on the biased disk on the far end of the source to the extraction region by following the magnetic field lines and scaling the Larmor radii of the ions appropriately. Extraction from the plasma and consequently the source is then simulated with the versatile WARP simulation code. The same code is also used for the actual simulation of ion transport through the beam line. Simulations of multi-species Uranium beams with different drain currents, initial ion temperatures and levels of neutralization in the beam line are compared to each other and to emittance measurements and beam profiles of VENUS beams.

Slides TUCOAK03 [2.382 MB]

TUCOAK04

Production of Highly Charged U Ion Beam from RIKEN SC-ECRIS

ion, emittance, ECRIS, target

84

Y. Higurashi, M. Fujimaki, A. Goto, H. Haba, E. Ikezawa, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, M. Komiyama, T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, Y. Watanabe
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
T. Aihara, M. Tamura, A. Uchiyama
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

In 2008, we successfully produced 345 MeV/u U beam (~0.4 pnA on target) for RIKEN RIBF project. However, to meet the requirement of the RIBF (primary beam intensity of 1pμA on target), we still need to increase the beam intensity. To increase the beam intensity of U ion, we started to make a test experiments for production of U ion beam from the new SC-ECRIS. In this experiment, we produced 2~1.5 pμA of medium charge state U ion (ex., 55 eμA of U³¹⁺, 57 eμA of U²⁷⁺) at the RF power of 1.2 kW with sputtering method. For testing the effect of the ionized gas on the U ion beam, we chose Ar, Ar + O₂ and O₂ gas for producing U ion beam. In this experiment, we observed that the beam intensity of lower charge state of U ion beam (<33+) was increased and the emittance of the U ion beam was decreased from ~0.1 π.mm mrad (1rms) to 0.05 π.mm mrad with adding Ar gas to O₂ gas. Using this method, we supplied U³⁵⁺ beam for ~1 month without break for the RIBF experiment. In this contribution, we present the experimental results for production of U ion beam from SC-ECRIS in detail and future plan to increase the U ion beam intensity.

Slides TUCOAK04 [1.709 MB]

TUCOCK01

Beam, Multi-Beam and Broad Beam Production with COMIC Devices

plasma, cavity, ion, high-voltage

99

P. Sortais, J. Angot, T. Lamy, J. Médard
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
C. Peaucelle
IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France

The COMIC discharge cavity is a very versatile technology. We will present new results and devices that match new applications like: molecular beams, ultra compact beam line for detectors calibrations, quartz source for on-line application, high voltage platform source, sputtering /assistance broad beams and finally, a quite new use, high energy multi¬-beam production for surface material modifications. In more details, we will show that the tiny discharge of COMIC can mainly produce molecular ions (H³⁺). We will present the preliminary operation of the fully quartz ISOLDE COMIC version, in collaboration with IPN-Lyon, we will present a first approach for a slit extraction version of a three cavity device, and after discussing about various extraction systems on the multi discharge device (41 cavities) we will show the low energy broad beam (2 KV) and high energy multi-beams (10 beams up to 30 KV) productions. We will specially present the different extraction systems adapted to each application and the beams characteristics which are strongly dependent on the voltage distribution of an accel-accel two electrodes extraction system.

Slides TUCOCK01 [4.960 MB]

TUCOCK02

Status of the High Current Permanent Magnet 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at Peking University

ion, ion-source, plasma, ECR

102

S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, Y.R. Lu, H.T. Ren, Z.Z. Song, J.X. Yu, Z.X. Yuan, M. Zhang, J. Zhao
PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Several compact 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) have been developed at Peking University for ion implantation[1], separated function Radio Frequency quadruple (SFRFQ)[2] and for the Peking University Neutron Imaging Facility (PKUNIFTY)[3]. Studies are focused on methods of magnetic field generation, magnetic fields configuration, microwave window design, microwave coupling, and structure selection of extraction electrodes. Up to now, our sources have produced 25 mA O+/ He⁺ ion, 10mA N+ ion, 100 mA H⁺ and 83 mA D⁺ ions, respectively. Details will be reported in the paper.
[1] Z. Song, D. Jiang, and J. Yu, Rev. Sci. Instr., 67,1003(1996).
[2] S. X. Peng, M. Zhang, Z. Z. Song, R. Xu, J. Zhao, Z. X. Yuan, J. X. Yu, J. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, Rev. Sci. Instr., 2008, 79: 02B706.
[3] M. Zhang, S. X. Peng, H. T. Ren, Z. Z. Song, Z. X. Yuan, Q. F. Zhou, P. N. Lu, R. Xu, J. Zhao, J. X. Yu, J. E. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, and Y. R. Lu, Rev. Sci. Instr. 2010, 81:02B715.

Slides TUCOCK02 [3.144 MB]

TUCOCK03

Development of 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source at KAERI

ECR, plasma, ion, ion-source

105

B.H. Oh, D.S. Chang, C.K. Hwang, S.R. In, S.H. Jeong, J.T. Jin, K.W. Lee, C.S. Seo
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea

A 14 GHz ECRIS has been designed and fabricated in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) to produce multi-charged ion beam (especially for C⁶⁺ ion beam) for medical applications. The magnet system has solenoid coils made with copper conductor and a hexapole made with permanent magnet. The solenoid coils are composed of two axial coils to make mirror fields in both sides of the chamber and one trim coil at the center to control the layer of the resonance region. The hexapole is made with 24-sector NdFeB permanent magnet. Radial field higher than 1.2 T at the chamber wall position has been measured, and axial field higher than 1.7 T at the entrance center of RF power and 1.1 T at the exit center of ion beam have been measured. A welded tube with aluminum and stainless steel is used for a ECR plasma chamber to improve the production of secondary electron. Cooling channel is made on the wall of the Al tube. A 2 kW Krystron is used as a microwave energy source. A DC break made with PEEK(Polyether Ether Ketone) for high voltage insulation and field shielding, and a RF window made with ceramic for vacuum insulation are inserted in the RF circuit. A movable beam extractor with 8 mm aperture covers different species and different charge numbers of the beam. Experimental results on ECR plasma and initial beam extraction with KAERI ECR ion source will be discussed.

Slides TUCOCK03 [2.342 MB]

TUPOT007

Preliminary Design of BLISI, an Off Resonance Microwave Proton Source

plasma, ion, proton, resonance

130

S. Djekic, I. Bustinduy, D. Cortazar, D. Fernandez-Cañoto, H. Hassanzadegan, J.L. Munoz, D. de Cos
ESS Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
F.J. Bermejo
Bilbao, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
M.A. Carrera, J.H. Galipienzo
AVS, Eibar, Gipuzkoa, Spain
V. Etxebarria, J. Jugo, J. Portilla
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
J. Feuchtwanger, I. Rueda
ESS-Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
J. Lucas
Elytt Energy, Madrid, Spain

A new high current off resonance microwave H⁺ source is currently in the last stages of design at ESS-Bilbao, in collaboration with two external companies Elytt and AVS. The design is intended to be a high-stability, high-current ion source capable of delivering a 70 mA proton beam with a 70 keV energy at the end of the extraction. The plasma system designed by Elytt consists of a water-cooled plasma chamber that sits between two independently powered magnetic coils that generate the ECR magnetic field; in addition they can be moved independently to further shape the magnetic field in the chamber. A CPI 2.7 GHz klystron provides the microwave energy and a fully controlled microwave system to minimize reflected power and improve the source overall performance is also under construction. The extraction column designed by AVS will consist of a movable tetrode system designed for a maximum acceleration potential of 70 kV, the shape of the electrodes is at an earlier design stage at ESS-Bilbao. We will present the current layout of the source, simulations and schematics of the source.

Poster TUPOT007 [3.954 MB]

TUPOT014

Optimized Extraction Conditions From High Power ECRIS by Dedicated Dielectric Structures

plasma, ion, electron, ECRIS

147

L. Schächter, S. Dobrescu
IFIN, Magurele- Bucuresti, Romania
K.E. Stiebing
IKF, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany

The MD-method of enhancing the ion output from ECR ion sources is well established and basically works via two mechanisms, the regenerative injection of cold electrons from an emissive dielectric layer on the plasma chamber walls and via the cutting of compensating wall currents, which results in an improved ion extraction from the plasma. As this extraction from the plasma becomes a more and more challenging issue for modern ECRIS installations with high microwave power input, a series of experiments was carried out at the 14 GHz ECRIS of the Institut für Kernphysik in Frankfurt/Main, Germany (IKF). In contrast to our earlier work, in these experiments emphasis was put on the second of the above mechanisms namely to influence the sheath potential at the extraction by structures with special dielectric properties. Two different types of dielectric structures, Tantalum-oxide and Aluminum oxide (the latter also being used for the MD-method) with contrastingly different electrical properties were mounted on the extraction electrode of the IKF-ECRIS, facing the plasma. For both structures an increase of the extracted ion beam currents for middle and high charge states by 60-80 % was observed. The method is able to be applied also to other ECR ion sources for increasing the extracted ion beam performances.

Poster TUPOT014 [0.510 MB]

TUPOT016

Long-Term Operation Experience With Two ECR Ion Sources and Planned Extensions at HIT

ion, ion-source, proton, linac

153

T. Winkelmann, R. Cee, Th. Haberer, B. Naas, A. Peters
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

The HIT (Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center) is the first hospital-based treatment facility at a hospital in Europe where patients can be treated with protons and carbon ions. Since the commissioning starting in 2006 two 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources are routinely used to produce a variety of ion beams from protons up to oxygen. The operating time is 330 days per year, our experience after three years of continuous operation will be presented. In the future a helium beam for patient treatment is requested, therefore a third ion source will be integrated. This third ECR source with a newly designed extraction system and a spectrometer line will be installed at a testbench to commission and validate this section. Different test settings are foreseen to study helium operation as well as enhanced parameter sets for proton and carbon beams in combination with a modified beam transport line for higher transmission efficiency. An outlook to the possible integration scheme of the new ion source into the production facility will be discussed.

Poster TUPOT016 [4.294 MB]

TUPOT017

CEA/Saclay Light Ion Sources Status and Developments

ion, plasma, ion-source, emittance

156

R. Gobin, C.M. Mateo, S. Nyckees
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
G. Adroit, G. Bourdelle, N. Chauvin, O. Delferrière, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, F. Harrault, C. Marolles, B. Pottin, Y. Sauce, F. Senée, O. Tuske, T.V. Vacher, C. Van Hille
CEA/DSM/IRFU, France

After several years of high intensity light ion beam production with the SILHI source, CEA Saclay is now involved in the construction of different injectors dedicated to large infrastructures like IFMIF or Spiral 2. Other installations are also interested by high intensity ion sources like ESS or FAIR. Such machines plan to produce and accelerate proton or deuteron beams in pulsed or continuous mode. The SILHI source, based on ECR plasma generation, already demonstrated its performance in both modes. As a consequence, at present time the construction of 2 new injectors for Spiral 2 and IFMIF (source and low energy beam lines) is in progress at CEA/Saclay. This article will report on the status of both installations. It will also point out on additional developments presently under progress for high intensity beam characterization or plasma production understanding. Such developments are mainly done with the new BETSI test bench operating for several months.

Poster TUPOT017 [2.020 MB]

WECOAK04

Bremsstrahlung and Ion Beam Current Measurements With SuSI ECR Ion Source

plasma, radiation, collimation, ion

171

T. Ropponen, D.G. Cole, G. Machicoane, A. Stolz, L.T. Sun, L. Tobos
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

The Superconducting Source for Ions (SuSI) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University is a fully superconducting 3rd generation ECR ion source. The axial magnetic field is generated by six solenoid magnets which allow to control the magnetic field characteristics, such as resonance locations, mirror ratios and magnetic field gradients, almost independently. In addition, a collimation scheme in the SuSI beam line after the analyzing magnet has been developed to optimize the ion beam production from the ion source within a given acceptance. These aspects make SuSI an excellent tool for ECRIS research and development. In this paper we will focus on the bremsstrahlung and ion beam current measurements where the gradient on the magnetic field is changed while keeping the Bmin and axial plasma length as constants. We will also show how the shift of the extraction side resonance location affects the extracted ion beam currents and radiation spectra and, finally, we will discuss about the effect of flatB mode with a modern superconducting ECR ion source on the ion beam production and radiation levels.

Slides WECOAK04 [3.752 MB]

WECOBK02

Recent Performance of the ANL ECR Charge Breeder

injection, plasma, ion, ECR

181

R.C. Vondrasek, A. Kolomiets, R.C. Pardo, R.H. Scott
ANL, Argonne, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The construction of the Californium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU), a new radioactive beam facility for the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS), is nearing completion. The facility will use fission fragments, with charge 1+ or 2+, from a 1 Ci ²⁵²Cf source; thermalized and collected into a low-energy particle beam by a helium gas catcher. An existing ATLAS ECR ion source was modified to function as a charge breeder in order to raise the ion charge sufficiently for acceleration in the ATLAS linac. A surface ionization source or an RF discharge source provide beams for charge breeding studies. An achieved efficiency of 11.9% for ⁸⁵Rb¹⁹⁺, with a breeding time of 200 msec, and 15.6% for ⁸⁴Kr¹⁷⁺ has been realized. Both results are with the source operating with two RF frequencies (10.44 + 11.90 GHz). After modification to the injection side iron plug, the charge breeder has been operated at 50 kV, a necessary condition for the resolution of the isobar separator.

Slides WECOBK02 [3.351 MB]

WECOBK04

Preliminary Results of Spatially Resolved ECR Ion Beam Profile Investigations

ion, ion-source, ECR, ECRIS

188

L. Panitzsch, M. Stalder, R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
IEAP, Kiel, Germany

The Department of Experimental and Applied Physics (IEAP) at the University of Kiel (CAU Kiel) is establishing a solar wind laboratory for the calibration of space instrumentation. The main item of this facility is a 11GHz (Plateau) ECR ion source. It can be operated at two different radial magnetic confinements, using a set of permanent magnets in either hexapole or dodekapole arrangement. While beam focussing by moving the extraction along the beam line to match the ion beam into the analysing magnet is well known, little is known about beam steering by moving the extraction in the plane perpendicular to the beam line. For the hexapole-configuration we will present our results about the feasibility of ion beam focussing and steering using a 3D-movable extraction. The beam profiles of these measurements will be recorded in comparatively high resolution with a Faraday cup array (see paper doi: 10.|10|63/1.3246787). This method will be shortly introduced within this talk, as well.

Slides WECOBK04 [13.317 MB]

THCOAK01

A Correction Scheme for the Hexapolar Error of an Ion Beam Extracted from an ECRIS

ion, simulation, plasma, emittance

191

P. Spädtke, R. Lang, J. Mäder, F. Maimone, J. Roßbach, K. Tinschert
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The extraction of any ion beam from ECRIS is determined by the good confinement of such ion sources. It has been shown earlier, that the ions are coming from these places, where the confinement is weakest. The assumption that the low energy ions are strongly bound to the magnetic field lines require furthermore, that only these ions which start on a magnetic field line which go through the extraction aperture can be extracted. Depending on the setting of the magnetic field, these field lines may come from the loss lines at plasma chamber radius. Because the longitudinal position of these field lines depends on the azimuthal position at the extraction electrode, the ions are extracted from different magnetic flux densities. Whereas the solenoidal component is not curable, the hexapolar component can be compensated by an additional hexapole after the first beam line focusing solenoid. The hexapole has to be rotatable in azimuthal direction and moveable in longitudinal direction. For a good correction the beam needs to have such a radial phase space distribution, that the force given by this hexapole act on the aberrated beam exactly in such a way to create a linear distribution after that corrector.

Slides THCOAK01 [1.115 MB]

THCOAK03

Dipole Magnet Optimization for High Efficiency Low Energy Beam Transport

emittance, simulation, ECRIS, ion

197

S. Saminathan, J.P.M. Beijers, S. Brandenburg, V. Mironov, J. Mulder
KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands

Losses in the low-energy beam transport line from KVI-AECRIS to AGOR cyclotron are estimated to be around 50%. Numerical simulations of the beam transport were performed using the tracing code LORENTZ-3D. It was found that most of the losses are due to second order optical aberrations in the 110-degree analyzing magnet. These aberrations result in an increase of the effective emittance in both horizontal and vertical directions. We will show that by suitably modifying the magnet pole surfaces the second-order aberrations can be compensated to a large extent resulting in a substantially lower effective emittance of the transported beam.

Slides THCOAK03 [1.102 MB]

THCOAK04

Modeling ECRIS Using a 1D Multifluid Code

ion, ECR, ion-source, instrumentation

200

M. Stalder
IEAP, Kiel, Germany

We developed a one-dimensional (1D) multifluid code to simulate the production and the transport of multiple ion species in an electron cyclotron ion source (ECRIS). The ion species are assumed to be highly collisionally coupled. Each ion species is treated as a independent fluid. This allows us to study the influence of the ion temperature. The temperature is assumed to be equal for all charge states and in the whole ECRIS. As starting parameters we choose a hot magnetically trapped electron distribution, a cold electron distribution trapped by the plasma potential an the neutral density. Modeling the interaction of the different fluids led to a new understanding of the influence of the electrostatic potential that balances the pressure gradient of the ions species in the ECRIS. The highest charge states are not confined strongest as in the over barrier model but expelled in comparison to lower charge states. It can be shown that the relative velocity v of the treated fluids scales as v ~ T^5/3 with the ion temperature. First results of the simulations are presented together with a discussion of the modeling approach for the multifluid case and its theoretical predictions. As a baseline for our simulations we mainly used the results of the 1D GEM ECRIS fluid simulations.

Slides THCOAK04 [2.268 MB]