Keyword: ECR
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MOCOAK01 SECRAL Status and First Beam Test at 24GHz ion, heavy-ion, ion-source, plasma 1
 
  • H.W. Zhao, Y. Cao, Y.C. Feng, X.H. Guo, J.Y. Li, W. Lu, L.T. Sun, D. Xie, X.Z. Zhang, H. Zhao
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  
  SECRAL has been in routine operation at 18GHz for HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) accelerator complex since May 2007. It has delivered many highly charged heavy ion beams for the HIRFL accelerator and the total beam time so far has exceeded 3000 hours. To further enhance the SECRAL performance, a 24GHz/7kW gyrotron microwave amplifier has been installed and tested. Very exciting results were produced with quite a few new record highly-charged ion beam intensities. Bremstrahlung measurements at 24GHz have shown that X-ray is much stronger at higher RF frequency, higher RF power and higher minimum B field. Beam emittance study has been conducted in order to improve the beam brightness. An additional cryostat with five GM cryocoolers was installed atop the SECRAL to liquefy the boil-off helium gas to minimize the liquid helium consumption. The latest results and reliable long-term operation for the accelerator have once again demonstrated that SECRAL is one of the best performance ECR ion source for the production of highly-charged heavy ion beams. Detailed and future developments of SECRAL will be presented.  
slides icon Slides MOCOAK01 [4.739 MB]  
 
MOCOAK02 Intense Beam Production with SuSI ion, ion-source, ECRIS, plasma 4
 
  • L.T. Sun, J. Brandon, D.G. Cole, M. Doleans, G. Machicoane, D. Morris, T. Ropponen, L. Tobos
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • E. Pozdeyev
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  SuSI ion source, a 3rd generation fully superconducting ECR ion source is now used for injection into the Coupled Cyclotron Facility since September 2009. Initial performances during the commissioning of SuSI were mainly limited by the microwave power available from a single 18 GHz microwave amplifier, especially for the production of heavier ion beams. The Injection of SuSI was modified to add a second 18 GHz amplifier, to reach a maximum of 3.0 kW of RF power inside the plasma chamber. Production of heavy ion beams, such as Kr14+, Bi30+ and U33+ is reported, to demonstrate the performance of SuSI. Additional studies were made with various ion source parameters to optimize the beam intensity within a normalized emittance of 0.9pi.mm.mrad as needed for the FRIB project and will be reported in this paper.  
slides icon Slides MOCOAK02 [1.672 MB]  
 
MOCOAK03 Status of RIKEN SC-ECRIS ion, ion-source, ECRIS, heavy-ion 8
 
  • T. Nakagawa, Y. Higurashi, J. Ohnishi
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  • T. Aihara, M. Tamura
    SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
  
  To increase the beam intensity of highly charged heavy ions for RIKEN RIBF project, we constructed and tested RIKEN new SC-ECRIS. After obtaining the first beam in the spring of 2009, we tried to optimize the ion source condition for maximizing the beam intensity with 18GHz microwave. In this experiment, we intensively studied the effect of the magnetic field gradient and ECR zone size on the beam intensity. In this experiment, it was clearly seen that the gentler field gradient and lager ECR zone size give higher beam intensity. Based on these studies, we produced 550μA of Ar11+ and 350μA of Ar12+ at the RF power of 1.8kW. In this summer, we will try use the 28GHz microwaves to increase the beam intensity. In this contribution, we present the structure of the SC-ECRIS and the results of test experiments with 18 GHz microwave in detail. We also present the future plan to increase the beam intensity.  
slides icon Slides MOCOAK03 [2.366 MB]  
 
MOCOAK04 Status of the VENUS ECR Ion Source ion, ion-source, plasma, cyclotron 11
 
  • D. Leitner, P. Ferracin, A. Hodgkinson, M. Leitner, T.J. Loew, C.M. Lyneis, G.L. Sabbi
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • G. Machicoane, E. Pozdeyev
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  The fully superconducting 28-GHz VENUS ECR ion source serves as prototype injector for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) project at Michigan State University (MSU) as well as injector ion source for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). As such the source has produced many record beams of high charge state as well as high-intensity, medium charge state ions. As the FRIB project has now entered the preliminary design phase, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is involved in the design of two new VENUS-like ECR injector ion sources for the FRIB facility. This paper will review the requirements for the FRIB injector, and present VENUS cryostat design changes which will allow installation on a 100 kV platform. In addition, a possible future upgrade path for the FRIB injector using an advanced Nb3Sn magnet structure is described. In 2008, at LBNL the VENUS ECR ion source experienced a major setback when one of the sextupole leads evaporated during a quench caused by a low liquid helium level in the cryostat. The repair process and the long reconstruction effort as well as the status of the reinstallation will be described.  
slides icon Slides MOCOAK04 [4.180 MB]  
 
MOCOBK01 ECR Ion Sources for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) Project at Michigan State University ion, ion-source, linac, emittance 14
 
  • G. Machicoane, M. Doleans, O.K. Kester, T. Ropponen, L.T. Sun, X. Wu
    NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • D. Leitner
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • E. Pozdeyev, E. Tanke
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by US DOE Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661
Once operational, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will open the possibility to gain key understanding in nuclear science and in particular regarding the properties of nuclei far from the valley of stability or the nuclear processes in the universe. In addition it will also allow experimenters to test fundamental symmetries. The production of rare isotopes with FRIB will be achieved, using a heavy ion driver linac that will accelerate a stable isotope beam to 200 MeV/u and deliver it on a fragmentation target. FRIB aims to reach a primary beam power of 400 kW for light to heavy elements up to Uranium. To meet the intensity requirement two high performance ECR ion sources operating at 28 GHz will be used to produce high intensity of medium to high charge state ion beams. Plans regarding initial beam production with the ECR ion sources and beam transport through the front end will be discussed. 		 
slides icon Slides MOCOBK01 [3.259 MB]  
 
MOCOBK02 Present Status of FLNR (JINR) ECR Ion Sources ion, ion-source, cyclotron, injection 17
 
  • S.L. Bogomolov, V.B. Bekhterev, V.M. Drobin, A. Efremov, B. Gikal, G.G. Gulbekyan, Yu.K. Kostyukhov, N. Lebedev, V.N. Loginov, V.V. Seleznev, Yu. Yazvitsky
    JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  
  Six ECR ion sources have been operated in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR). Two 14 GHz ECR ion sources (ECR4M and DECRIS-2) supply various ion species for the U400 and U400M cyclotrons correspondingly for experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei using ion beams of stable and radioactive isotopes. The 18 GHz DECRIS-SC ion source with superconducting magnet system produce ions from Ar up to W for solid state physics experiments and polymer membrane fabrication at the CI-100 cyclotron. The third 14 GHz ion source DECRIS-4 with “flat” minimum of the axial magnetic field is used as a stand alone machine for test experiments and also for experiments on ion modification of materials. The other two compact ECR ion sources with all permanent magnet configuration have been developed for the production of single charged ions and are used at the DRIBs installation and at the MASHA mass-spectrometer. In this paper, present status of the ion sources, recent developments and plans for modernization are reported. Also the results of the preliminary test of the DECRIS-SC2 ECR source will be presented.  
slides icon Slides MOCOBK02 [11.671 MB]  
 
MOCOBK03 Status of Ion Sources at HIMAC ion, ion-source, plasma, radiation 20
 
  • A. Kitagawa, M. Muramatsu, Y. Sakamoto
    NIRS, Chiba-shi, Japan
  • S. Biri
    ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
  • A.G. Drentje
    KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands
  • T.F. Fujita
    National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
  • T. Sakuma, N. Sasaki, T. Sasano, W. Takasugi
    AEC, Chiba, Japan
  
  Since 1994, heavy-ion radiotherapy using carbon ions is successfully carried out with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). Over 5000 cancer patients have already been treated with 140-400 MeV/u carbon beams. These clinical results have clearly verified the advantages of carbon ion. The ion source needs to realize a stable beam with the same conditions for daily operation. Maintenance is restricted to once per year. However, the deposition of carbon on the wall of the plasma chamber is normally unavoidable. This causes an ‘anti-wall-coating effect’, i.e. a decreasing of the beam (typically 50 % after a few months of operation), especially for the higher charge-state ions due to the surface material of the wall. The ion source has - even in this bad condition – still to produce a sufficiently intense and stable beam. We summarize our experience during 16 years of operation and show the scope for further developments. HIMAC is dedicated to radiotherapy, but it has as a second essential task to operate as a facility for physicist users. In that scope it accelerates many ion species for basic experiments. In order to serve all HIMAC users at best, the extension of the range of ion species is an important subject in ion source development. For example, in order to increase the ECRIS-beam intensity for heavier ions, microwave is applied at different frequencies by a traveling wave tube amplifier and….?  
slides icon Slides MOCOBK03 [2.780 MB]  
 
MOCOBK04 Recent Activities at the ORNL Multicharged Ion Research Facility (MIRF) ion, plasma, electron, permanent-magnet 23
 
  • F.W. Meyer, M.E. Bannister, S. Deng, I.N. Draganić, J.W. Hale, P.R. Harris, C.C. Havener, H.F. Krause, C.R. Vane
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: Sponsored by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. DOE under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT_Battelle.
We report on recent upgrades of the ORNL Multicharged Ion Research Facility, and our activities in the area of ECR ion source diagnostic measurements. The upgrades include installation of a new all permanent magnet ECR ion source [1] on a high voltage platform that increases our high energy beam production capability to 250keV/q, and installation of a floating beamline fed by a 10 GHz CAPRICE ECR ion source for producing decelerated ion beams to energies as low as a few eV/q range. The primary application of all the produced ion beams is to study fundamental collisional interactions [2] of multicharged ions with electrons, atoms, and surfaces. We also summarize recent diagnostic measurements of the ECR plasma potential and other plasma parameters using an in-situ Langmuir probe installed in the ECR edge plasma and complementary measurements [3] using an external beam deceleration method.
[1] D. Hitz et al. , “An All-Permanent Magnet ECR Ion Source for the ORNL MIRF Upgrade Project,” AIP Conference Proceedings 749, 123 (2005), Woodbury, NY.
[2] F.W. Meyer, “ECR-Based Atomic Collision Physics Research at ORNL MIRF,” in Trapping Highly Charged Ions: Fundamentals and Applications, J. Gillaspy, ed., Nova Science Pub., New York, 2000, pp. 117-164.
[3] P.R. Harris and F.W. Meyer, Rev. Sci. Inst. 81, 02A310 (2010). 		 
slides icon Slides MOCOBK04 [2.645 MB]  
 
MOCOCK01 PK-ISIS: a New Superconducting ECR Ion Source at Pantechnik permanent-magnet, ion, extraction, ion-source 26
 
  • A.C.C. Villari, C. Bieth, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, X. Donzel, G. Gaubert, R. Leroy, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand
    PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
  • T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble, France
  
  The new ECR ion source PK-ISIS was recently commissioned at Pantechnik. Three superconducting coils generate the axial magnetic field configuration while the radial magnetic field is done with multi-layer permanent magnets. Special care was devoted in the design of the hexapolar structure, allowing a maximum magnetic field of 1.32 T at the wall of the 82 mm diameter plasma chamber. The three superconducting coils using Low Temperature Superconducting wires are cooled by a single double stage cryo-cooler (4.2 K). Cryogen-free technology is used, providing reliability, easy maintenance at low cost. The maximum installed RF power (18.0 GHz) is of 2 kW. Metallic beams can be produced with an oven (Tmax = 1400 °C) installed with an angle of 5° with respect to the source axis or a sputtering system, mounted in the axis of the source. The beam extraction system is constituted of three electrodes in accel-decel configuration. Description of the source and results of the magnetic measurements will be given. Performances of the source in terms of beam intensities and charge states distribution will be presented.  
slides icon Slides MOCOCK01 [3.226 MB]  
 
MOCOCK02 3D Simulation Studies and Optimization of Magnetic Holes of HTS-ECRIS for Improving the Extraction Efficiency and Intensities of Highly Charged Ions plasma, ion, extraction, ion-source 27
 
  • G. Rodrigues, R.N. Dutt, D. Kanjilal, P.S. Lakshmy, Y. Mathur, U.K. Rao, A. Roy
    IUAC, New Delhi, India
  • R. Baskaran
    IGCAR, Channai, India
  
  3D simulation studies using RADIA code have been performed to optimise the magnetic holes in high temperature superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (HTS-ECRIS) ion source for improving the extraction efficiency and intensities of highly charged ions. The magnetic field improvements using simple techniques like optimisation of iron regions is found to be economical. The extraction efficiency can be increased three-fold in the case of a hexapole magnet depending on the level of the uniformity of the fields in the high and low regions. This technique further minimises localized heating of the plasma chamber walls which can improve the vacuum conditions in an ECR ion source. For superconducting sources where the x-ray heat load poses severe problems during operation, such a reduction of heating load is of great significance. The typical triangular pattern of the plasma impact observed on the plasma electrode of HTS ECRIS at various tuning conditions are reproduced by the simulations. Details of the simulations and experimental results will be presented.  
slides icon Slides MOCOCK02 [2.925 MB]  
 
MOCOCK04 Measurement of the Sixty GHz ECR Ion Source using Megawatt Magnets - SEISM Magnetic Field Map resonance, extraction, injection, ion-source 33
 
  • M. Marie-Jeanne, J. Jacob, T. Lamy, L. Latrasse
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • F. Debray, J. Matera, R. Pfister, C. Trophime
    GHMFL, Grenoble, France
  
  LPSC has developed a prototype of 60GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Source called SEISM. The first 60GHz magnetic structure is based on a cusp geometry, using resistive polyhelix coils designed in collaboration with the Intense Magnetic Fields National Laboratory (LNCMI). A dedicated test bench helices coils in their tanks, electrical, and water cooling environment was built to study the mechanics, thermal behaviour and magnetic field characteristics obtained at various current levels. During the last months, measurements were performed for several magnetic configurations, with up to 7000A applied on the injection/extraction coils set. The magnetic field achieved at 13000A is expected to allow 28GHz ECR condition. However, cavitation issues that appeared around 7000A are to be solved before carrying on with the tests. This contribution will recall some of the crucial steps in the prototype fabrication, and show preliminary results from the measurements at 7000A. Possible explanations for the discrepancies observed between the results and the simulation will be given.  
slides icon Slides MOCOCK04 [3.243 MB]  
 
MOPOT003 Study of Potential Application of Compact ECRIS to Analytical System ion, ion-source, plasma, permanent-magnet 46
 
  • M. Kidera
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  • S. Enomoto
    Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
  • S. Kishi, Y. Seto
    National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan
  • T. Nagamatsu, T. Tanaka
    Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Engineering Division I, Tokyo, Japan
  • K. Takahashi
    RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
  
  A place of an activity of ECR ion sources is not only ion source on a heavy ion accelerator facility. A highly ionization efficiency, flexibility of ionized sample, low consumption rate in sample, and non-equilibrium ECR plasma, etc. that a ECR ion source have, may be needed in other fields at time. We have developed several kinds of small ECRISs that have customized for the analysis. The purposes of the analysis are, precise measurement of isotope ratio of a metal element, detection of chemical warfare agents, and detection of produced molecular (or fragment) ions by the ECR plasma. In this workshop, we will report the compact ECRISs by a permanent magnet type for the analytical system.  
poster icon Poster MOPOT003 [3.320 MB]  
 
MOPOT004 Neutralisation of Accelerated Ions and Detection of Resulting Neutrals ion, ion-source, simulation, acceleration 49
 
  • T. Peleikis, L. Panitzsch, M. Stalder
    IEAP, Kiel, Germany
  
  At the University of Kiel, the Department of Experimental and Applied Physics is running an ECR ion source in order to, amongst others, calibrate space instruments designed to measure solar wind properties and suprathermal particles. The ion source is able to produce medium to highly charged ions which are then accelerated by an electrostatic field up to 400keV per charge. In order to extend the particle spectrum from ions to neutral atoms we are planning to install a device for the beam particle neutralisation. It will be used to calibrate instruments which measure neutral particles. This device will be located downstream from the sector magnet and the acceleration-stage. The sector magnet separates the ions by their m/q ratio. This way the type and the energy of the ions can be determined before the neutralisation. Neutralisation can be achieved either by passing the ions through a thin carbon foil (thickness ~88nm) or through a gastarget (thickness ~6mm, pressure ~0.1mbar) where charge-exchange occur. The remaining ions behind the neutraliser will be suppressed by an electrostatic separator. Both methods will alter the beam properties and lead to a divergence in energy and an angular spread of the beam. Simulations regarding these effects will be discussed. The overall progress on this project will be presented.  
poster icon Poster MOPOT004 [1.776 MB]  
 
MOPOT005 High Current Production with 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source ion, extraction, ion-source, plasma 50
 
  • A. Coly, T. Lamy, T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • G. Gaubert, A.C.C. Villari
    PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
  
  A new test bench has been installed at LPSC dedicated to 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Sources characterization. Several magnetic structures have been tested around the same plasma cavity. For example, a current density of 70 mA/cm2 has been measured with the MONO1000 source lent by GANIL. An original ECRIS, named SPEED (for 'Source d'ions à aimants PErmanents et Extraction Dipôlaire'), presenting a dipolar magnetic field at the extraction will also be presented.  
poster icon Poster MOPOT005 [3.130 MB]  
 
MOPOT008 He2+ Source Based on Penning Discharge with Additional 75 GHz ECR Heating plasma, ion, radiation 54
 
  • A. Vodopyanov, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, A. Mansfeld
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  • G. Yushkov
    Institute of High Current Electronics, Tomsk, Russia
  
  It is well known that one can reach high average charge of ions in the ECR plasma by increasing plasma density and decreasing neutral gas pressure. ECR discharge could be realized at very low gas pressure, but discharge startup takes longer time when gas pressure is low. So, it is impossible to realize ECR discharge with limited microwave heating pulse duration at gas pressure lower certain threshold value. This problem could be solved with help of trigger plasma, which should be ignited at low gas pressure in the trap with high magnetic field. This fore plasma could help to decrease ECR plasma startup time significantly and make it possible to realize ECR plasma at very low pressure in pulse operation regime. We suggest penning type discharge as a trigger discharge for fast startup of pulsed ECR plasma. Penning type discharge glows at as low pressure as needed. Discharge was realized in the simple mirror magnetic trap at pressure about 10-5 mbar. Helium was used as an operating gas. Significant plasma density (about 1011 cm-3) was obtained at the moment just before microwave heating pulse started. Gyrotron radiation with frequency of 75 GHz, microwave power up to 200 kW and pulse duration up to 1 ms, was used for plasma heating. In the present work the fully striped helium ions were demonstrated, average charge of ions in the plasma was equal 2. Temporal evolution of charge state distribution was investigated. Charge state distribution over helium pressure was also studied.  
poster icon Poster MOPOT008 [0.535 MB]  
 
MOPOT014 The Design of 28 GHz ECR Ion Source for the Compact Linear Accelerator in Korea ion, ECRIS, ion-source, extraction 67
 
  • M. Won, B.S. Lee
    Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
  
  The construction of a compact linear accelerator is in progress by Korea Basic Science Institute. The main capability of this facility is the production of multiply ionized metal clusters and the generation more intense beams of highly charged ions for material, medical and nuclear physical research. To produce the intense beam of highly charged ions, we will construct an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) using 28 GHz microwaves. For this ECRIS, The design of a superconducting magnet, microwave inlet, beam extraction and plasma chamber was completed. Also we are constructing a superconducing magnet system. In this presentation, we will report the current status of development of our 28 GHz ECRIS.  
poster icon Poster MOPOT014 [3.823 MB]  
 
MOPOT015 The Design Study of Superconducting Magnet System for an Advanced ECR Ion Source superconducting-magnet, ECRIS, ion-source, ion 68
 
  • B.S. Lee, M. Won
    Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work was supported by KBSI grant (D30300) to M.S.Won
The Korea Basic Science Institute is developing a superconducting magnet system for 28 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Souce (ECRIS). We are invetigating in order to realize compact size, economic operation and generation of high current beam. Although companies and researchers have valuable experience, skill and ability in designing of superconducting magnet for ECRIS, they did not exactly proposed a excellent superconducting magnet system for ECRIS because many superconducting magnets were not required. Of course they do if we requried many magnets for the various appliation of ECRIS. In this presentation, we have filed reports of former reseacher and we have discussed the realization of ECRIS over 35 GHz. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPOT015 [7.135 MB]  
 
MOPOT017 Tests of a New Axial Sputtering Technique in an ECRIS plasma, ECRIS, ion, injection 72
 
  • R.H. Scott, R.C. Pardo, R.C. Vondrasek
    ANL, Argonne, USA
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Axial and radial sputtering techniques have been used over the years to create beams from an ECRIS at multiple accelerator facilities. Operational experience has shown greater beam production when using the radial sputtering method versus axial sputtering. At Argonne National Laboratory, previous work with radial sputtering has demonstrated that the position of the sputter sample relative to the plasma chamber wall influences sample drain current, beam production and charge state distribution. The possibility of the chamber wall acting as a ground plane which influences the sputtering of material has been considered, and an attempt has been made to mimic this possible ground plane effect with a coaxial sample introduced from the injection end. Results of these tests will be shown as well as comparisons of outputs using the two methods. 		 
poster icon Poster MOPOT017 [1.506 MB]  
 
TUCOBK01 Preglow Phenomenon Origins and its Scaling for Ecris plasma, radiation, ion, electron 87
 
  • I. Izotov, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga, V. Zorin
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  
  Preglow effect investigation is one of topical directions of ECR ion sources development at present. Preglow is of interest for efficient short-pulsed multi-charged ion source creation. Particularly, such source of intense beams of short-living radioactive isotopes multi-charged ions is one of key elements in “Beta-Beam” European project [1]. Use of Preglow-generating regime of an ECRIS operation is a promising way of pulsed high-intense multi-charged ion beams production with much shorter edges in comparison with usual operation regime. The first theoretical investigations of Preglow phenomenon were performed in references [2,3]. Present work describes modified model of ECR discharge development in a magnetic trap of the ECRIS as a continuation of [2,3]. Numerical simulations made with the updated model allow authors to propose more physical and intuitive explanation of Preglow phenomenon origins. Obtained dependences of Preglow characteristics on experimental conditions offer a scaling for a wide range of ECRISes.
[1] (ONLINE) http://beta-beam.web.cern.ch/beta-beam/task/diverse/mandate.htm
[2] T. Thuillier et al, Rev. of Sci. Instrum., 79, 02A314, 2008.
[3] I. Izotov et al, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36, 1494, 2008. 		 
slides icon Slides TUCOBK01 [0.928 MB]  
 
TUCOBK02 “Preglow” Investigation in ECR Discharge at 37 GHz, 100 kW ion, plasma, ion-source, radiation 90
 
  • V. Skalyga, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, V. Zorin
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  • T. Lamy, T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble, France
  
  Multicharged ion beams generation in "Preglow" regime is now considered as the main way of short pulsed ion source creation for “Beta Beam” project. The "Preglow" effect has been investigated at a several laboratories (LPSC, JYFL, IAP RAS). The effect was discovered at LPSC on PHOENIX ion source using 18 GHz radiation for plasma heating. Investigations at 14 GHz frequency were made at JYFL. Theoretical analysis demonstrated the advantage of MW frequency increase. Theoretical calculations predict possibility of "Preglow" peaks generation with duration about tens microseconds and rather high average ion charge. At present time at LPSC a joint construction of a new generation ECR ion source with 60 GHz gyrotron plasma heating is running. As a continuation of previous research at 14, 18 and 28 GHz at present work results of experimental and theoretical "Preglow" effect investigations at SMIS 37 setup with 37,5 GHz MW plasma heating are reported. Received data are important as fundamental result in physics of ECRISs and at the same time it is the next step on the way of 60 GHz SEISM facility creation. “Preglow” effect was observed and investigated in experiments with ECR discharge stimulated with gyrotron radiation @ 37.5 GHz, 100 kW. Received dependencies of the “Preglow” parameters are in good correspondence with results of numerical simulations. It was shown in experiments that generation of “Preglow” peak with duration about 30 μs is possible.  
slides icon Slides TUCOBK02 [2.338 MB]  
 
TUCOBK04 Micropulses Generation in ECR Breakdown Stimulated by Gyrotron Radiation at 37.5 GHz ion, plasma, electron, ion-source 96
 
  • V. Skalyga, S. Golubev, I. Izotov, S. Razin, V. Sidorov, A. Vodopyanov, V. Zorin
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  
  Present work is devoted to experimental and theoretical investigation of possibility of short pulsed (< 100 μs) multicharged ion beams creation. The possibility of quasi-stationary generation of short pulsed beams under conditions of quasi-gasdynamic plasma confinement was shown in recent experiments. Later another way of such beams creation based on “Preglow” effect was proposed. In present work it was demonstrated that in the case when duration of MW pulse is less then formation time of “Preglow” peak, realization of a regime when ion current is equal to zero during MW pulse and intense multicharged ions flux appears only when MW ends could be possible. Such pulses after the end of MW were called "micropulses". In present work generation of micropulses was observed in experiments with ECR discharge stimulated by gyrotron radiation @ 37,5GHz, 100 kW. In this case pulses with duration less than 30 μs. Probably the same effect was observed in GANIL where 14 GHz radiation was used and pulses with duration about 2 ms were registered. In present work it was shown that intensity of such micropulse could be higher than intensity of “Preglow” peak at the same conditions but with longer MW pulse. The generation of micropulses of nitrogen and argon multicharged ions with current of a few mA and length about 30 μs after MW pulse with duration of 30-100 μs was demonstrated. The low level of impurities, high current density and rather high average charge make possible to consider such micropulse regime as perspective way for creation of a short pulsed ion source.  
slides icon Slides TUCOBK04 [3.473 MB]  
 
TUCOCK02 Status of the High Current Permanent Magnet 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source at Peking University ion, ion-source, plasma, extraction 102
 
  • S.X. Peng, J.E. Chen, Z.Y. Guo, P.N. Lu, Y.R. Lu, H.T. Ren, Z.Z. Song, J.X. Yu, Z.X. Yuan, M. Zhang, J. Zhao
    PKU/IHIP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Several compact 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) have been developed at Peking University for ion implantation[1], separated function Radio Frequency quadruple (SFRFQ)[2] and for the Peking University Neutron Imaging Facility (PKUNIFTY)[3]. Studies are focused on methods of magnetic field generation, magnetic fields configuration, microwave window design, microwave coupling, and structure selection of extraction electrodes. Up to now, our sources have produced 25 mA O+/ He+ ion, 10mA N+ ion, 100 mA H+ and 83 mA D+ ions, respectively. Details will be reported in the paper.
[1] Z. Song, D. Jiang, and J. Yu, Rev. Sci. Instr., 67,1003(1996).
[2] S. X. Peng, M. Zhang, Z. Z. Song, R. Xu, J. Zhao, Z. X. Yuan, J. X. Yu, J. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, Rev. Sci. Instr., 2008, 79: 02B706.
[3] M. Zhang, S. X. Peng, H. T. Ren, Z. Z. Song, Z. X. Yuan, Q. F. Zhou, P. N. Lu, R. Xu, J. Zhao, J. X. Yu, J. E. Chen, Z. Y. Guo, and Y. R. Lu, Rev. Sci. Instr. 2010, 81:02B715. 		 
slides icon Slides TUCOCK02 [3.144 MB]  
 
TUCOCK03 Development of 14.5 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source at KAERI plasma, ion, ion-source, extraction 105
 
  • B.H. Oh, D.S. Chang, C.K. Hwang, S.R. In, S.H. Jeong, J.T. Jin, K.W. Lee, C.S. Seo
    KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
  
  A 14 GHz ECRIS has been designed and fabricated in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) to produce multi-charged ion beam (especially for C6+ ion beam) for medical applications. The magnet system has solenoid coils made with copper conductor and a hexapole made with permanent magnet. The solenoid coils are composed of two axial coils to make mirror fields in both sides of the chamber and one trim coil at the center to control the layer of the resonance region. The hexapole is made with 24-sector NdFeB permanent magnet. Radial field higher than 1.2 T at the chamber wall position has been measured, and axial field higher than 1.7 T at the entrance center of RF power and 1.1 T at the exit center of ion beam have been measured. A welded tube with aluminum and stainless steel is used for a ECR plasma chamber to improve the production of secondary electron. Cooling channel is made on the wall of the Al tube. A 2 kW Krystron is used as a microwave energy source. A DC break made with PEEK(Polyether Ether Ketone) for high voltage insulation and field shielding, and a RF window made with ceramic for vacuum insulation are inserted in the RF circuit. A movable beam extractor with 8 mm aperture covers different species and different charge numbers of the beam. Experimental results on ECR plasma and initial beam extraction with KAERI ECR ion source will be discussed.  
slides icon Slides TUCOCK03 [2.342 MB]  
 
TUCOCK04 Mass Spectrometry with an ECR Ion Source ion-source, ion, background, controls 109
 
  • M.A.C. Hotchkis, D. Button
    ANSTO, Menai, Australia
  
  Several groups [1-3] have demonstrated the usefulness of ECR ion sources in forms of mass spectrometry, for the detection of rare long-lived radioisotopes, trace elements and stable isotope ratios. Mass spectrometry imposes strict constraints on the ion source. First, the ion source must be free of backgrounds at the same m/q ratio as isotope of interest. Backgrounds take several forms, including beams generated from residual gas or other materials in the source, either of the element of interest, or other elements which cause isobaric or other m/q ambiguities. Second, the ion source must exhibit a minimum ‘memory’ effect from sample to sample. We are interested in isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. These elements are ubiquitous in vacuum systems and so this work has its own particular challenges, especially in relation to the design and operational characteristics of the ion source. Initial work has revealed retention effects which reduce the sample clear out rates, and cause persistent backgrounds [4]. We will present results of our most recent efforts to control these problems.
[1] P. Collon et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 2004; 223/224: 428.
[2] M. Kidera et al., Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 2007; 13: 239.
[3] M. Hotchkis et al., Rapid Comm. Mass Spec. 2008; 22: 1408-1414.
[4] D. Button and M.A.C. Hotchkis, Proc. 18th ECRIS Workshop, Sept 15-18, 2008, Chicago, USA, http://www. JACoW.org/. 		 
slides icon Slides TUCOCK04 [3.849 MB]  
 
TUPOT001 Plans for Laser Ablation of Actinides into an ECRIS for Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy ion, laser, ion-source, ECRIS 110
 
  • R.C. Pardo, F.G. Kondev, S.A. Kondrashev, C. Nair, T. Palchan, E. Rehm, R.H. Scott, R.C. Vondrasek
    ANL, Argonne, USA
  • P. Collon
    University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
  • G. Imel
    ISU, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
  • C. McGrath, G. Palmotti, M. Salvatores, G. Youinou
    Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, USA
  • M. Paul
    The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Racah Institute of Physics, Jerusalem, Israel
  
  Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
A project using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the ATLAS facility to measure neutron capture rates on a wide range of actinides in a reactor environment is underway. This project will require the measurement of many samples with high precision and accuracy. The AMS technique at ATLAS is based on production of highly-charged positive ions in an ECRIS followed by linear acceleration. We have chosen to use laser ablation as the best means of feeding the actinide material into the ion source because we believe this technique will have more efficiency and lower chamber contamination thus reducing ‘cross talk’ between samples. In addition a multi-sample holder/changer is part of the project to allow quick change between multiple samples. The status of the project, design, and goals for initial off-line ablation tests will be discussed as well as the overall project schedule. 		 
poster icon Poster TUPOT001 [0.152 MB]  
 
TUPOT002 Enhancement of ECR Performances by Means of Carbon Nanotubes Based Electron Guns electron, plasma, gun, ion 114
 
  • F. Odorici, M. Cuffiani, L. Malferrari, R. Rizzoli, G.P. Veronese
    INFN-Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  • G. Castro, L. Celona, G. Ciavola, N. Gambino, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, R. Miracoli, F.P. Romano
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • T. Serafino
    Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
  
  One of the main goals of the scientific community which deals with ECR Ion Sources is the optimization of the Eelectron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF) inside the plasma. The EEDF consists of three different populations (cold, warm and hot electrons): the cold and the warm populations are responsible of the stabilization and of the efficient ionization of the plasma respectively. The presence of the hot population is doubly detrimental: in high frequency sources they lead to the heating of LHe in the superconducting coils’ cryostat and are also useless for the generation of high intensity ion beams, because of their small cross section. Therefore the injection of additional electrons inside the plasma may increase the density of cold and warm electrons, enabling at the same time to reduce the number of the high energy ones. The CANTES experiment tested the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to emit electrons in presence of strong applied electric fields, in order to provide additional electrons to the plasma core. This technique was used with the Caesar ECR ion source, at INFN-LNS, demonstrating that the total extracted ion current is increased and that a relevant reduction of the number of “high energy” electrons (above 100 keV) can be obtained. This last result is even more important, because CNTs may be an effective and reliable tool to permit the operation of ECRIS at large power and high frequencies without any detrimental effect on the source stability and reliability coming from hot electrons. Details of the construction of CNTs based electron gun and their behaviour in plasma environments are presented. Preliminary results in terms of performances of the Caesar ECR ion source and possible future applications will be also discussed.  
poster icon Poster TUPOT002 [1.914 MB]  
 
TUPOT004 Microgan ECR Ion Source in a Van de Graaff Accelerator Terminal ion, ion-source, controls, high-voltage 120
 
  • G. Gaubert, C. Bieth, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, X. Donzel, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand, A.C.C. Villari
    PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
  • C. Chavez-de-Jesus, T. Gamboni, W. Geerts, G. Giorginis, R. Jaime Tornin, G. Lövestam, W. Mondelaers
    JRC/IRMM, Geel, Belgium
  
  The Van de Graaff accelerator at IRMM works since many years providing proton, deuteron and helium beams for nuclear data measurements. The original ion source was of RF type with quartz bottle. This kind of source, as well known, needs regular maintenance for which the accelerator tank must be completely opened. The heavy usage at high currents of the IRMM accelerator necessitated an opening about once every month. Recently, the full permanent magnet Microgan ECR ion source from PANTECHNIK was installed into a new terminal platform together with a solid state amplifier of 50W, a dedicated dosing system for 4 gases (with respective gas bottles H2, D2, He and Ar), and a set of dedicated power supplies and electronic devices for the remote tuning of the source. The new system shows a very stable behavior of the produced beam allowing running the Van de Graff without maintenance for several months. This contribution will describe the full installed system in details (working at high pressure in the terminal, spark effects and optic of the extraction).  
poster icon Poster TUPOT004 [1.715 MB]  
 
TUPOT005 An ECR Table Plasma Generator plasma, ECRIS, ion, vacuum 124
 
  • R. Rácz, S. Biri
    ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
  • J. Pálinkás
    DU, Debrecen, Hungary
  
  A simple ECR plasma device was built in our lab using the “spare parts” of the ATOMKI ECR ion source. We call it “ECR table plasma generator”. It consists of a relatively big plasma chamber (ID=10 cm, L=40 cm) in a thin NdFeB hexapole magnet with independent vacuum and gas dosing systems. For microwave coupling two low power TWTAs can be applied individually or simultaneously, operating in the 6-18 GHz range. There is no axial magnetic field and there is no extraction. The intended fields of usage of the plasma generator are:
  1. A simple, cheap and safe educational working place for students.
  2. To prepare, to test or to simulate measurements with electrostatic movable Langmuir probes. The exchange time of the (damaged) probes is very short.
  3. To prepare, to test or to simulate plasma diagnostic measurements in the visible light and X-ray ranges using cameras and spectrometers.
  4. To cover and/or to modify solid surfaces with plasma particles, including fullerenes.
In the paper the technical details of the plasma generator and some preliminary plasma photo results are shown. 		 
poster icon Poster TUPOT005 [0.871 MB]  
 
TUPOT006 Using Mass-Flow Controllers for Obtaining Extremely Stable ECR Ion Source Beams ion, injection, controls, ion-source 127
 
  • X. Donzel, W. Bougy, B.N. Brionne, G. Gaubert, A. Sineau, O. Tasset, C. Vallerand, A.C.C. Villari
    PANTECHNIK, BAYEUX, France
  • R. Leroy
    GANIL, Caen, France
  
  Beam stability and reproducibility is of paramount importance in applications requiring precise control of implanted radiation dose, like in the case of Hadrontherapy. The beam intensity over several weeks or months should be kept constant. Moreover, the timing for changing the nature of the beam and, as a consequence, the tuning of the source should be minimized. Standard valves usually used in conjunction of ECR ion sources have the disadvantage of controlling the conductance, which can vary significantly with external conditions, like ambient temperature and inlet pressure of the gas. The use of flow controllers is the natural way for avoiding these external constraints. In this contribution we present the results obtained using a new model of Mass-flow controller in the source Supernanogan, for production of C4+ and H3+ beams. Extremely stable beams (± 2.5%) without retuning of the source over several weeks could be obtained. The reproducibility of the source tuning parameters could also be demonstrated.  
poster icon Poster TUPOT006 [4.386 MB]  
 
TUPOT009 Measurements of Bremsstrahlung Radiation and X-Ray Heat Load to Cryostat on SECRAL radiation, ion, electron, plasma 134
 
  • H. Zhao, Y. Cao, X.X. Li, D. Xie, W.H. Zhang, X.Z. Zhang, H.W. Zhao, Y.H. Zhu
    IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
  • W. Lu
    Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  
  Measurement of Bremsstrahlung radiation from ECR plasma can yield certain information of the ECR heating process and a plausible estimate of the X-ray heat load to the cryostat of a superconducting ECR source which needs seriously addressed. With a newly-developed collimation system, which defines a narrower spatial range of the measurement and provides an effective shielding from the background, a systematic measurement of the Bremmstrahlung emitted axially from the SECRAL (Superconducting ECR Ion Source with Advanced design in Lanzhou) plasma were carried out recently. The spectral temperature Tspe, a relative index of mean energy of the plasma hot electrons, was derived through linear fitting of the spectra in semi-logarithm coordinates. This article will present and discuss the evolutions of the X-ray flux and the hot electron energy with various source parameters, such as heating frequency, RF power and magnetic field configuration. And possible solutions to reduce the X-ray heat load induced by Bremsstrahlung radiation are proposed and discussed.  
poster icon Poster TUPOT009 [1.581 MB]  
 
TUPOT011 Measurement of the Diamagnetic Current on the LBNL 6.4 GHz ECR Ion Source plasma, ECRIS, electron, ion-source 140
 
  • J.D. Noland, J.Y. Benitez, M. Kireeff Covo, D. Leitner, C.M. Lyneis
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • O.A. Tarvainen
    JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
  • J. Verboncoeur
    UCB, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  Two standard plasma diagnostics (x-ray spectroscopy and measurement of the diamagnetic current) have been employed at the LBNL 6.4 GHz ECR. These diagnostics are combined with time resolved current measurements to study the plasma breakdown, build up and decay times, as well as electron heating. Individual charged particles in a magnetized plasma orbit in such a way that the magnetic field produced by their motion opposes any externally applied magnetic field. When a charged particle density gradient exists in a plasma, a net current arises. This “diamagnetic” current is proportional to the time-rate-of-change of the perpendicular component of the plasma pressure, and can be measured with a loop of wire as the plasma ignites or decays. Another common plasma diagnostic that is used to characterize an ECR plasma is measurement of the x-ray spectra created when energetic electrons scatter off of plasma ions. The x-ray spectra provide insight on the relative abundance of electrons of different energies, and thus the electron energy distribution function. The x-ray spectra can also be used to estimate the total x-ray power produced by the plasma. In this paper diamagnetic loop diagnostics and set-up is described in detail. In addition, diamagnetic loop and low energy x-ray measurements (few keV to 100 keV) taken on the LBNL 6.4 GHz ECR ion source are presented and discussed.  
poster icon Poster TUPOT011 [1.522 MB]  
 
TUPOT012 Microwave Frequency Dependence of the Properties of the Ion Beam Extracted From a Caprice Type ECRIS ion, plasma, ECRIS, ion-source 143
 
  • F. Maimone, R. Lang, J. Mäder, J. Roßbach, P. Spädtke, K. Tinschert
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • L. Celona
    INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
  • F. Maimone
    DMFCI, Catania, Italy
  
  In order to improve the quality of ion beams extracted from ECR ion sources it is mandatory to better understand the relations between the plasma conditions and the beam properties. The present investigations concentrate on the analysis of different beam properties under the influence of various applications of frequency tuning and of multiple frequency heating. The microwave frequency feeding the plasma affects the electromagnetic field distribution and the dimension and position of the ECR surface inside the plasma chamber. This in turn has an influence on the generation of the extracted ion beam in terms of its intensity, of its shape and of its emittance. In order to analyze the corresponding effects measurements have been performed with the Caprice type ECRIS installed at the ECR Injector Setup (EIS) of GSI. The experimental setup uses a new arrangement of one or more microwave sweep generators which feed a Traveling Wave Tube amplifier covering a wide frequency range from 12.5 to 18 GHz. This arrangement provides a precise determination of the frequencies and of the reflection coefficient along with the beam properties. A sequence of viewing targets positioned inside the beam line monitors the beam shape.  
poster icon Poster TUPOT012 [1.245 MB]  
 
TUPOT013 Influence of Initial Plasma Density and Mean Electron Energy on the Preglow Effect plasma, simulation, electron, ion 146
 
  • I. Izotov, V. Sidorov, V. Skalyga, V. Zorin
    IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
  • H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen, V.A. Toivanen
    JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
  
  The investigation of the Preglow effect is driven with the aim of creating a short-pulsed multicharged ion source. Recent experimental investigations have revealed strong influence of seed electrons, i.e. initial plasma density, on the amplitude and duration of the Preglow peak [1]. Present work, consisting of experiments and simulations, is dedicated to further investigation of the Preglow dependence on initial plasma density and electrons energy. Experimental investigation was performed at University of Jyväskylä (JYFL) with the A-ECR type ECRIS operated with 14 GHz frequency. Helium was used for the study. An initial ionization degree of the gas was varied by changing the pulse duration and duty factor. Time-resolved ion currents of He+ and He2+ were recorded. Calculations were made by using 0-dimensional model described in references [2], [3] and based on the balance equations for the particles confined in the magnetic trap. Results of simulation are compared with experimental Preglow peaks and discussed. Good agreement between experimental data and simulation encourages us to conduct a further study, aimed at optimizing the Preglow by tuning source parameters and initial plasma conditions.
[1] O. Tarvainen et al, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 81, 02A303, 2010.
[2] T. Thuillier et al, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 79, 02A314, 2008.
[3] I. Izotov et all. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36, 1494, 2008. 		 
poster icon Poster TUPOT013 [0.569 MB]  
 
WECOAK01 Characterization of the Microwave Coupling to the Plasma Chamber of the LBL ECR Ion Source. plasma, cavity, coupling, ion 162
 
  • C.M. Lyneis, J.Y. Benitez, D. Leitner, J.D. Noland, M.M. Strohmeier
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  • H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
    JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
  
  The characteristics of the microwave coupling of the 6.4 GHz ECR ion source were measured as a function of frequency, input power and time dependence. In addition the plasma diamagnetism and bremsstrahlung could be measured to help quantify the time dependence of the plasma build up and energy content. The LBL ECR plasma chamber, which has a diameter to wavelength ratio of 1.9 is not as over-moded as the 14 GHz AECR-U, which has a ratio greater than 3. This makes it possible to locate frequencies, where a single RF mode is predominately excited. For one of these modes we were able to demonstrate that with no plasma in the cavity, it is over-coupled and as the power is increased, the plasma density rises and the plasma loading increases it becomes under-coupled. By measuring the ratio of the incident to reflected power it is possible to show the microwave electric field levels saturate with increasing power. In the paper, the time dependence of the plasma loading and plasma diamagnetism as a function of input power and time are analyzed. The measurements of the plasma loading also provide insight into the dynamics of microwave heating in a multimode cavity.  
slides icon Slides WECOAK01 [1.593 MB]  
 
WECOAK03 Studies of the ECR Plasma in the Visible Light Range plasma, ion, ECRIS, electron 168
 
  • S. Biri, R. Rácz
    ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
  • J. Pálinkás
    DU, Debrecen, Hungary
  
  In order to investigate experimentally ECR plasmas one way is to record their optical spectra or photos in the infra-red, visible light (VL), ultra-violet or X-ray regions. The measurements and analysis of photos and spectra taken in any of these regions are usually affordable tasks. The non-destroying nature of this method is certainly an advantage, but the drawback is that the recorded information in most cases means integration over a specific line-of-sight in the plasma volume. Recently high resolution VL plasma photographs were taken at the ATOMKI-ECRIS using an 8 megapixel digital camera. Plasmas were generated from eight gases (He, methane, N, O, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) and from their mixtures. The analysis of the photo series gave us many qualitative and numerous valuable physical information on the nature of ECR plasmas [1, 2]. It is a further challenging task to understand the colors of this special type of plasmas. The colors can be determined by the VL electron transitions of the plasma atoms and ions. Through the examples of He and Xe we analyze the physical processes which effects the characteristic colors of these plasmas.
[1] Rácz R., Biri S., Pálinkás J.: Electron cyclotron resonance plasma photos. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (2010) 02B708.
[2] Rácz R., Biri S., Pálinkás J.: ECR Plasma Photographs as Plasma Diagnostic. Submitted to Plasma Sources Science and Technology. 		 
slides icon Slides WECOAK03 [1.573 MB]  
 
WECOBK02 Recent Performance of the ANL ECR Charge Breeder injection, plasma, ion, extraction 181
 
  • R.C. Vondrasek, A. Kolomiets, R.C. Pardo, R.H. Scott
    ANL, Argonne, USA
  
  Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The construction of the Californium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU), a new radioactive beam facility for the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS), is nearing completion. The facility will use fission fragments, with charge 1+ or 2+, from a 1 Ci 252Cf source; thermalized and collected into a low-energy particle beam by a helium gas catcher. An existing ATLAS ECR ion source was modified to function as a charge breeder in order to raise the ion charge sufficiently for acceleration in the ATLAS linac. A surface ionization source or an RF discharge source provide beams for charge breeding studies. An achieved efficiency of 11.9% for 85Rb19+, with a breeding time of 200 msec, and 15.6% for 84Kr17+ has been realized. Both results are with the source operating with two RF frequencies (10.44 + 11.90 GHz). After modification to the injection side iron plug, the charge breeder has been operated at 50 kV, a necessary condition for the resolution of the isobar separator. 		 
slides icon Slides WECOBK02 [3.351 MB]  
 
WECOBK03 Fine Frequency Tuning of the PHOENIX Charge Breeder Used as a Probe for ECRIS Plasmas ion, plasma, injection, ion-source 184
 
  • T. Lamy, J. Angot, M. Marie-Jeanne, J. Médard, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • A. Galatà
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • H. A. Koivisto, O.A. Tarvainen
    JYFL, Jyväskylä, Finland
  
  Fine frequency tuning of ECR ion sources is a main issue to optimize the production of multiply charged ion beams. The PHOENIX charge breeder operation has been tested in the range 13,75 - 14,5 GHz with an HF power of about 400 W. The effect of this tuning is analyzed by measuring the multi-ionization efficiency obtained for various characterized injected 1+ ion beams (produced by the 2.45 GHz COMIC source). The 1+/n+ method includes the capture and the multi ionization processes of the 1+ beam and may be considered as a plasma probe. The n+ spectra obtained could be considered, in first approach, as an image of the plasma of the charge breeder. However, in certain conditions it has been observed that the injection of a few hundreds of nA of 1+ ions (i.e.: Xe1+) in the plasma of the charge breeder, is able to destroy the charge state distribution of the support gas (i.e.: up to 40 % of O6+ and O7+ disappears). The study of this phenomenon will be presented along with plasma potential measurements for various charge states. This study may help to understand the ECRIS creation (or destruction) of highly charged ions.  
slides icon Slides WECOBK03 [7.745 MB]  
 
WECOBK04 Preliminary Results of Spatially Resolved ECR Ion Beam Profile Investigations ion, extraction, ion-source, ECRIS 188
 
  • L. Panitzsch, M. Stalder, R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
    IEAP, Kiel, Germany
  
  The Department of Experimental and Applied Physics (IEAP) at the University of Kiel (CAU Kiel) is establishing a solar wind laboratory for the calibration of space instrumentation. The main item of this facility is a 11GHz (Plateau) ECR ion source. It can be operated at two different radial magnetic confinements, using a set of permanent magnets in either hexapole or dodekapole arrangement. While beam focussing by moving the extraction along the beam line to match the ion beam into the analysing magnet is well known, little is known about beam steering by moving the extraction in the plane perpendicular to the beam line. For the hexapole-configuration we will present our results about the feasibility of ion beam focussing and steering using a 3D-movable extraction. The beam profiles of these measurements will be recorded in comparatively high resolution with a Faraday cup array (see paper doi: 10.|10|63/1.3246787). This method will be shortly introduced within this talk, as well.  
slides icon Slides WECOBK04 [13.317 MB]  
 
THCOAK02 Kinetic Plasma Simulation of Ion Beam Extraction from an ECR Ion Source ion, simulation, electron, ion-source 194
 
  • S.M. Elliott, E.K. White
    Thin Film Consulting, Longmont, Colorado, USA
  • J. Simkin
    Vector Fields Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
  
  Designing optimized ECR ion beam sources can be streamlined by the accurate simulation of beam optical properties in order to predict ion extraction behavior. The complexity of these models, however, can make PIC-based simulations time-consuming. In this paper, we first describe a simple kinetic plasma finite element simulation of extraction of a proton beam from a permanent magnet hexapole electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. Second, we analyze the influence of secondary electrons generated by ion collisions in the residual gas on the space charge of a proton beam of a dual-solenoid ECR ion source. The finite element method (FEM) offers a fast modeling environment, allowing analysis of ion beam behavior under conditions of varying current density, electrode potential, and gas pressure.  
slides icon Slides THCOAK02 [0.821 MB]  
 
THCOAK04 Modeling ECRIS Using a 1D Multifluid Code extraction, ion, ion-source, instrumentation 200
 
  • M. Stalder
    IEAP, Kiel, Germany
  
  We developed a one-dimensional (1D) multifluid code to simulate the production and the transport of multiple ion species in an electron cyclotron ion source (ECRIS). The ion species are assumed to be highly collisionally coupled. Each ion species is treated as a independent fluid. This allows us to study the influence of the ion temperature. The temperature is assumed to be equal for all charge states and in the whole ECRIS. As starting parameters we choose a hot magnetically trapped electron distribution, a cold electron distribution trapped by the plasma potential an the neutral density. Modeling the interaction of the different fluids led to a new understanding of the influence of the electrostatic potential that balances the pressure gradient of the ions species in the ECRIS. The highest charge states are not confined strongest as in the over barrier model but expelled in comparison to lower charge states. It can be shown that the relative velocity v of the treated fluids scales as v ~ T5/3 with the ion temperature. First results of the simulations are presented together with a discussion of the modeling approach for the multifluid case and its theoretical predictions. As a baseline for our simulations we mainly used the results of the 1D GEM ECRIS fluid simulations.  
slides icon Slides THCOAK04 [2.268 MB]  
 
THCOBK01 Concluding Remarks ion, ion-source, plasma, ECRIS 201
 
  • T. Nakagawa
    RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
  
  Concluding remarks kindly done by Takahide Nakagawa  
slides icon Slides THCOBK01 [0.436 MB]