RuPAC-2010 - List of Keywords (radiation)

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radiation

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
TUCHC01	Concepts for Rasing RF Breakdown Threshold by Using Multi-Moded Cavities	acceleration, electron, coupling, cathode	24
	S. V. Kuzikov IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod J. L. Hirshfield Yale University, Physics Department, New Haven, CT Y. Jiang Yale University, Beam Physics Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut S. Kazakov, M. E. Plotkin, A. A. Vikharev Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
	Funding: Work sponsored by in part by US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics (2009). Two multi-mode cavity designs aimed at increasing accelerating gradient are developed. The cavity of the first type has circular cross-section but allows excitation of several equidistantly-spaced eigenmodes by a bunched drive beam. This multi-mode excitation allows to reduce exposure time of the cavity surface by high field, which in this case occupies smaller area. This feature promises to provide more than 30% raise of the threshold in a 3-mode cavity. The second cavity type is axisymmetric but longitudinally asymmetric, and is excited in one mode at the fundamental frequency and the other at the second harmonic. Superposition of these modes always produces a low field on one cavity wall and a high field on the other, with the latter directed so as to prevent electron emission. This feature is also expected to raise the breakdown threshold. Computations show that a structure using such cavities might support an accelerating gradient up to 47% greater than that for a structure using similar single-mode cavities.
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TUPSA006	Experiment on RF Heating of the Copper Cavity - the Imitator of the CLIC High-Gradient Accelerating Structure	controls, electron, vacuum, induction	47
	S. N. Sedykh, E. V. Gorbachev, A. K. Kaminsky, N. I. Lebedev, E. A. Perelstein, N. V. Pilyar, T. V. Rukoyatkina, V. V. Tarasov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region S. V. Kuzikov, N. Yu. Peskov, M. I. Petelin, A. A. Vikharev IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod
	The facility for joint experiments of JINR-IAP RAS has been commissioned to investigate the lifetime dependence of the CLIC high-gradient accelerating structure* on the surface damage by repetitive high-power RF pulses. The facility is based on the 30 GHz JINR free-electron maser, which uses an electron beam of the induction linear accelerator LIU-3000 *. Intermediate optical observations of the central ring allowed us to control the process of the damage evolution. The first damage of the copper surface have been observed after 16000 pulses with the pulse heating of 240°C. After 63000 pulses the damage of the surface of the oxygen-free copper cavity became strong enough to cause regular breakdowns inside the test cavity. I. Wilson – CERN AB-2004-100, CLIC Note 617, Dec. 2004, 12pp. ** A. V.Elzhov et al. - Nucl. Instr. and Meth., A, Vol. A528, 2004, pp.78-82.

TUPSA007	Thermal Balance of Multilayered Tunable Dielectric Loaded Wakefield Accelerating Structure	acceleration, induction, vacuum, electromagnetic-fields	50
	I. L. Sheynman LETI, Saint-Petersburg A. Kanareykin Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio I. Ya. Sheynman St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg
	Funding: Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, “Scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel of innovative Russia” and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (09-02-00921) Thermal balance of a cylindrical tunable multilayer dielectric-filled accelerating structure is considered. One ceramic layer of the structure possesses ferroelectric properties, which allow the waveguide frequency spectrum to be tuned by varying the permittivity of the ferroelectric layer. Dielectric and induction losses in ferroelectric layer and a metal shell leads to a structure warming up and increasing temperature of the ferroelectric layer. Because of a temperature sensitivity of dielectric permittivity of ferroelectric layer this effect may detune the accelerating structure. On the basis of the analysis of a thermal regime of multilayered wakefield structure the medium and pulse temperature deviations are determined. A repetition rate of electronic bunch series should be chosen to limit temperature detuning.

TUPSA010	Attosecond and Femtosecond Electron Bunches Obtainable Upon Field Emission in a Combined Quasi-static and Laser Electric Field	electron, cathode, laser, bunching	56
	V. A. Papadichev LPI, Moscow
	Short pulses of electrons of femtosecond and attosecond duration are necessary for numerous applications: studying fast processes in physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. It was shown that it is possible to generate electron bunches due to field emission of T/2 - T/8 duration (T is the period of laser oscillation), i.e., 400 as to 20 fs with neodymium or carbon dioxide lasers. Currents of 10 mA to 10 A can be obtained from single-spike cathode and up to 10 kA with a multi-spike cathode. Further bunching occurs due to velocity modulation in the bunch by laser electric field resulting in 6 as for neodymium laser and 120 as for carbon dioxide laser*. Transverse focusing of such bunches is discussed. Heating of spikes for single-pulse regime is several degrees and therefore it is possible to generate a sequence of electron bunches (up to 100 – 500 pulses). They can be used in diffractometry and after acceleration to 3 – 4 MeV for generation of short pulses of VUV and soft X-ray radiation in periodic fields or as a relativistic mirror. Influence of space-charge force are studied using simple analytical solutions and methods to compensate it are proposed. P. Emma. Proc. EPAC04, p. 225, Lucerne, Suisse. V. A.Papadichev. Proc. EPAC08, p. 2812, Genoa, Italy. * V. A.Papadichev. Proc. EPAC08, p. 2815, Genoa, Italy.

TUPSA026	RTS&T Code Status	simulation, target, resonance, ion	92
	I. I. Degtyarev, O. A. Liashenko, F. N. Novoskoltsev, I. A. Yazynin IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region A. I. Blokhin Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE), Obninsk
	The paper describes the main features of the RTS&T–2010 — the modern version of the RTS&T (Radiation Transport Simulation and Isotopes Transmutation problem) code system. RTS&T performs detailed Monte Carlo simulations of many type of particles transport in complex spatial geometries with composite materials in the energy range from thermal energy up to 100 TeV. The RTS&T code considers interaction of low-, intermediate-, and high- energy particles with condensed matter, including hadron-nucleus interactions inside the target, generation and transportation of secondary particles, deposition of energy and production of radionuclides in the target. Recently, the transfer of ions was added and tested.

TUPSA033	Transition Radiation Detector which Used Dihedral Angle as Radiator	injection, pick-up, scattering	113
	A. V. Serov, A. V. Koltsov LPI, Moscow
	The specific features of transition radiation in a dihedral angle are considered. It is shown that the dependence of the angular distributions of radiation intensity in a dihedral angle on the energy and the direction of motion of particles are stronger than a similar dependence in the case of transition radiation on a plane interface. This fact enhances the applicability of transition radiation to measure parameters of charged particles.

WECHY01	Status and Prospects of the Novosibirsk FEL Facility	electron, undulator, laser, free-electron-laser	133
	N. Vinokurov, E. N. Dementyev, B. A. Dovzhenko, A. A. Galt, Ya. V. Getmanov, B. A. Knyazev, E. I. Kolobanov, V. V. Kubarev, G. N. Kulipanov, L. E. Medvedev, S. V. Miginsky, L. A. Mironenko, V. K. Ovchar, B. Z. Persov, V. M. Popik, T. V. Salikova, M. A. Scheglov, S. S. Serednyakov, O. A. Shevchenko, A. N. Skrinsky, V. G. Tcheskidov, M. G. Vlasenko, P. Vobly, N. S. Zaigraeva BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	Multiturn energy recovery linacs (ERL) looks very promising for making ERLs less expensive and more flexible, but have serious intrinsic problems. At this time only one multiturn ERL exists. This Novosibirsk ERL operates with two orbits and two free electron lasers now. The Novosibirsk terahertz radiation user facility provides 0.5 kW average power at 50 - 240 micron wavelength range. Different users work at six stations. Two another orbits and third free electron laser are under construction. The operation experience revealed specific problems of ERLs(especially, of multiturn ones). Some solutions were proposed recently.
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WECHB01	Radiation Sources at Siberia-2 Storage Ring	emittance, electron, undulator, synchrotron	141
	N. V. Smolyakov, V. Korchuganov, S. I. Tomin RRC, Moscow
	At present synchrotron radiation, generated in uniform magnetic fields of bending magnets, is employed at Siberia-2 storage ring. In the near future most of the storage ring’s straight sections should be completed with different insertion devices (undulators, wigglers). In this paper, two projects of radiation sources at Siberia-2 storage ring are considered. The first one is in-vacuum short period mini-undulator, which is projected for generation of extremely bright X-ray beams. It is shown the feasibility of diffraction-limited in vertical direction X-ray source, which is to say that vertical emittance of the electron beam is equal to diffraction emittance of generated by undulator 2 KeV photon beam. The second source will utilize edge radiation, which is generated in the fringe fields of the bending magnets. Numerical simulations show that the edge radiation is more intensive in infrared – ultraviolet spectral range as compared with standard synchrotron radiation from regular part of bending magnet.
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WEPSB001	Research of Photon Emission of 120 GeV Channeling Positrons	positron, multipole, photon, simulation	172
	V. A. Maisheev, Y. A. Chesnokov, P. N. Chirkov, I. A. Yazynin IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region D. Bolognini, S. Hasan, M. Prest Università dell'Insubria & INFN Milano Bicocca, Como E. Vallazza INFN-Trieste, Trieste
	The process of radiation of 120-GeV positrons moving in a channeling regime in (011) and (111) plane of a single crystal was considered. At the beginning on the basis of the theory of nonlinear oscillations the trajectory of moving positrons at different initial conditions were derived. Then taking into account the nonlinearity of motion the distribution function over oscillation amplitudes of channeling particles was found. After this the intensity of radiation in thin crystal at different initial conditions was calculated with the help of two various methods. The received results have formed a basis for calculation of positron energy losses in not thin crystals taking into account the processes of dechanneling and multiplicity of generation of photons. Research was executed within the frame of experiment INSURAD ( the beam line 4Н, SPS, CERN). The calculations are in the good consent with preliminary results of this experiment. The received results can be used for creation of powerful sources of radiation and for collimation of positron beams in linear colliders.

WEPSB002	JINR Activity in FEL	undulator, photon, laser, electron	175
	E. Syresin, G. A. Chelkov, E. V. Ivanov, M. N. Kapishin, E. A. Matyushevskiy, N. A. Morozov, G. Shirkov, G. V. Trubnikov, M. V. Yurkov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region O. I. Brovko JINR/VBLHEP, Moscow
	Different methods for diagnostic of ultrashort electron bunches are developed at JINR-DESY collaboration within the framework of the FLASH and XFEL projects. Photon diagnostics developed at JINR-DESY collaboration for ultrashort bunches are based on calorimetric measurements and detection of undulator radiation. The MCP based radiation detectors are effectively used at FLASH for pulse energy measurements. The infrared undulator constructed at JINR and installed at FLASH is used for longitudinal bunch shape measurements and for two-color lasing provided by the FIR and VUV undulators. The JINR also participates in development and construction of Hybrid Pixel Array Detector on the basis of GaAs sensors. The JINR develops a project which is aimed at preparation of conceptual project and simulations of accelerator complex, based on a 0.7 GeV superconducting linear accelerator, for applications in nanoindustry, mainly for extreme ultraviolet lithography using kW-scale Free Electron Laser (FEL) light source.

WEPSB003	Proposal for an Accelerator Complex for Extreme Ultraviolet Nanolithography Using kW-scale FEL Light Source	electron, laser, free-electron-laser, undulator	178
	E. Syresin, N. Balalykin, U. A. Budagov, I. F. Lensky, A. G. Olshevsky, G. Shirkov, A. P. Sumbaev, G. V. Trubnikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region M. V. Yurkov DESY, Hamburg
	The project is aimed at construction of accelerator complex, based on a 0.7 GeV superconducting linear accelerator, for applications in nanoindustry, mainly for extreme ultraviolet lithography using kW-scale Free Electron Laser (FEL) light source. The project involves construction of a 0.7 GeV superconducting linear accelerator to produce coherent FEL radiation for extreme ultraviolet nanolithography at a wavelength of 13.5 nm and an average radiation power of 0.5 kW. The application of kW-scale FEL source permits realizing EUV lithography with 22 nm, 16 nm resolutions and beyond. The project for construction of an accelerator complex for EUV lithography is based on the technology realized on FEL FLASH (Free Electron Laser in Hamburg) facility at DESY (Hamburg).

WEPSB004	Self-stimulated Undulator Radiation Sources	undulator, electron, storage-ring, emittance	181
	E. G. Bessonov, M. V. Gorbunkov, A. L. Osipov, A. V. Vinogradov LPI, Moscow A. A. Mikhailichenko CLASSE, Ithaca, New York
	The self-stimulated undulator radiation (UR) source is based on a quasi-isochronous storage ring, undulators installed in its straight sections and mirrors installed at both sides of undulators. Mirrors set an optical cavity. Period of oscillation of the UR wavelet (URW) emitted by every particle of the beam in the cavity coincides with common period of revolution of particles in storage ring. The URWs are accumulated in optical cavity by superposition one by another with the accuracy better than the wavelength of the UR. Intensity, which becomes higher by Q times, where Q is the quality factor of optical cavity. If conditions of synchronicity are violated weakly then properties of UR might be different: intensity will drop, monochromaticity will be increased. The selfstimulation of the spontaneous incoherent emission of radiation in the scheme can lead to an increase the seeding process for the SASE regime. The requirements to parameters of the beam and the degree of synchronicity are evaluated. Ordinary and compact storage rings using ordinary and laser undulators and generation of continuous, quasi-monochromatic radiation in the optical to X-ray regions are considered. E. G.Bessonov, M. V.Gorbunkov, A. A.Mikhailichenko, A. L.Osipov, Self-stimulated Emission of Undulator Radiation, http://arxiv.org/abs 10⁰³.3747 .

WEPSB005	Light Sources in Russia	electron, storage-ring, ion, undulator	184
	E. G. Bessonov LPI, Moscow
	Possible ways of development of Light Sources based on charged particle accelerators and storage rings in Russia are discussed.

WEPSB036	Experience on Operating High-Voltage Accelerators Designed in NIIEFA on Industrial Facilities Intended for Polymer Materials' Modification	electron, cathode, extraction, shielding	251
	V. P. Ovchinnikov, V. P. Maznev, M. P. Svinin NIIEFA, St. Petersburg V. I. Alexandrov Izhevsk Plastics Plant JSC, Izhevsk E. M. Kolchin Insulating Polymer Materials, Ltd, Saint Petersburg
	High-voltage accelerators "Aurora-5" and "Electron-10" designed and manufactured in the D. V. Efremov Institute have been operated at the plastic-production plant in Izhevsk and the joint-stock company "Terma", St. Petersburg on facilities intended for production of polymer materials with specific properties due to radiation processing. The results of accelerators’ operation are considered in the paper. The annual operating time of each facility is 5-7 thousand hours, which meets the requirements for industrial equipment.

THCHZ02	High Power ELV Accelerators for Industries Application	controls, electron, extraction, target	313
	N. K. Kuksanov, S. Fadeev, Yu. I. Golubenko, D. A. Kogut, A. I. Korchagin, A. Lavrukhin, P. I. Nemytov, R. A. Salimov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk
	Beginning from 1971, the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (SB RAS) started its activity in the development and manufacturing of electron accelerators of the ELV-type for their use in the industrial and research radiation-technological installations. The family of ELV-type accelerators has the energy range from 0.4 to 2.5 MeV with a beam of accelerated electrons of up to 100 mA and maximum power of up to 100 kW for ordinary accelerators and 400 kW power for environmental purpose accelerator. The ELV accelerators are especially popular accelerators not only in Russia, but in China, Korea, and etc. BINP continuously improves design and increases parameters of accelerators. Due to this circumstance and improving of economics after crisis amount of orders for accelerators extremely increased.
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THCHD01	55 MeV Special Purpose Race-Track Microtron Commissioning	linac, gun, electron, klystron	316
	A. I. Karev, A. N. Lebedev, V. G. Raevsky LPI, Moscow L. Brothers, L. Wilhide VFCT, Covington, Kentucky A. N. Ermakov, A. N. Kamanin, V. V. Khankin, N. I. Pakhomov, V. I. Shvedunov MSU, Moscow N. P. Sobenin MEPhI, Moscow
	Funding: This work was supported by CRDF Grant #RP0-10732-MO-03 (LLNL) Results of Lebedev Institute 55 MeV special-purpose race-track microtron (RTM) commissioning are presented. RTM is intended for photonuclear detection of hidden explosives based on initiation of photonuclear activation and consequent registration of secondary gamma-rays penetrating possible screening substances. RF system is based on KIU-168 klystron with 6MW/6 kW pulsed/average power operating at 2856 MHz in self-oscillating mode with on-axis coupled standing wave bi-periodic accelerating structure in a feed-back loop. Maximum RF power is now at the level of 2.5 MW. With this RF power energy gain per pass of 5 MeV is provided and up to 10 mA pulsed beam current is obtained at RTM exit. The RTM control system is based on NI modules and LabView software. Beam diagnostic is provided by beam current monitors, by synchrotron radiation and by transition radiation. RTM tuning is achieved by adjustment of: (1) a current in steering coils, (2) an accelerating structure field level, (3) a focal power of solenoidal lens and quadrupole doublet, and (4) injection magnet current.
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THPSC024	Beam Absorber for Turning Accelerator in the Beam Layout of the Experimental Complex	vacuum, proton, shielding, photon	372
	M. I. Grachev, V. A. Fedchenko, L. V. Kravchuk, E. V. Ponomareva RAS/INR, Moscow
	The absorber of a beam without moving parts in vacuum volume for adjustment the high current lenear accelerator is described.

FRCHX01	The High-Current Deuteron Accelerator for the Neutron Therapy	target, ion, controls, power-supply	399
	V. M. Skorkin, S. V. Akulinichev, A. V. Andreev RAS/INR, Moscow
	Physical project of neutron sources for the neutron therapy and neutron activation analysis is proposed. The neutron sources are based on beam provided by the high-current deuteron accelerator. Neutron sources produces 14 MeV fast neutrons with intensity up to 5*10¹² n/s using T(D,n)4He threshold reaction at the energy of deuteron beam about 400 keV and average current up to 20 mA. Neutron source can be makes for neutron capture therapy (NCT) by using of moderator system consisted of the tungsten converter, bismuth reflector, graphite and polyethylene. Liquid-crystalline DNA-Gd nanoparticles, as a potential biomaterial for NCT were investigated on the thermal neutron beam. S. V. Akulinichev, A. V. Andreev Institute for Nuclear Research of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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FRCHA02	ELLUS-6M Linear Electron Accelerator for Radiotherapy	controls, electron, target, monitoring	405
	V. A. Shishov, A. A. Budtov, M. F. Vorogushin NIIEFA, St. Petersburg
	A compact medical accelerator of new generation "ELLUS-6M" has been designed and manufactured for radiotherapy by 6MeV photons in the multi-static and arc modes. The gantry can be rotated through ±1850 and ensures setting accuracies of the irradiator rotation velocity and positioning sufficient for the IMRT mode. The computerized control system is compatible with the treatment planning system and allows upgrading by adding new modules. To realize the conformal radiotherapy, the following additional medical equipment has been developed: a multi-leaf collimator a portal vision system for the dose field verification during irradiation and an upgraded treatment table made as a semi-pantograph. In 2010, it is planned to finish clinical tests of the "ELLUS-6M" accelerator with the additional medical equipment in the N. N. Petrov Scientific Research Oncology Institute, Pesochny, St. Petersburg.
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