MEDSI2018 - Classification: Beamlines / Optics

Paper	Title	Page
WEPH37	Modified Twyman-Green Interferometer for the Sagittal-Focusing Monochromator
	F.G. Yang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The sagittally bent monochromator is a desirable optics for hard X-ray beamlines and an important part of the advanced research for High Energy Photon Source (HEPS). The information of the surface figure of the crystal is very important for the optimization of bender. However, it is difficult to measure the shape directly by interferometer or long trace profiler due to very big principal curvature (1/Rs), which distorts the deflectometric probe light therefore affects the accuracy of the measurement. We have developed ex-situ metrology instrument - a low-cost modified Twyman-Green interferometer by using commercial element in our laboratory. The misalignment among the detector, cylindrical sample light and the crystal mirror was adjusted by rotating the interferometer according to the theoretical calculation, which can separate the effect of the misalignment and the distortion of the mirror. The accuracy of the curvature radius (about few mm) is assured by precisely moving the mirror under test.
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WEPH42	Sub-20-nrad Stability of an LN2-Cooled Vertical-Offset Double-Crystal Monochromator
	T. Waterstradt, W. Diete, A. Schacht AXILON AG, Koeln, Germany C. Engblom, M. Scheel, T. Weitkamp SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	We have developed a compact and rigid mechanical design for a liquid-nitrogen-cooled vertically-deflecting double-crystal monochromator (DCM) for the ANATOMIX beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL. An in-situ differential interferometer setup directly measures the pitch and roll parallelism between the 1st and the 2nd crystal under operating conditions with liquid-nitrogen flow and at pressures below 10^-8 mbar. Factory measurements at moderate LN2 flow rates show a stability of the relative pitch of 25 nrad RMS (0.1 to 10 kHz) and a first relevant resonant frequency of 175 Hz. At lower flow rates, still sufficient to dissipate several hundred watts of heat load, an angular stability of 15 nrad RMS is achieved.
	Poster WEPH42 [1.332 MB]
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THOPMA05	Using Resistive Element Adjustable Length (REAL) Cooling to Increase Optical Design Flexibility in High Power XFELS
	C.L. Hardin, D. Cocco, L. Lee, D.S. Morton, M.L. Ng, L. Zhang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	With the onset of high power XFELs and diffraction limited storage rings, there is a growing demand to maintain sub nanometer mirror figures even under high heat load. This is a difficult issue as the optimum cooling design for an optic is highly dependent on the power footprint on the mirror, which can be highly dynamic. Resistive Element Adjustable Length cooling can be utilized to change the cooling parameters during an experiment to adapt for changing beam parameters. A case study of the new soft x-ray monochromator for the LCLS L2SI program is presented that utilizes this new capability to allow the beam to translate across the mirror for different operation modes, greatly simplifying the monochromator mechanics.
	Slides THOPMA05 [22.095 MB]
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THOPMA06	Development of Low Vibration Cooling Systems for Beamline Optics Using Heat Pipe Technology	331
	J.R. Nasiatka, O. Omolayo, H.A. Padmore, S.S. Soezeri LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: This research used resources of the Advanced Light Source, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Cooling of in-vacuum beamline components has always been problematic. Water cooling lines can transfer vibrations to critical components, and often require complex air guarding systems to ensure that the vacuum envelope is not breached in the event of a leak. These constraints increase design complexity, limit options, and provide challenges for assembly and maintenance. Commercial heat pipes are inexpensive and readily available. Custom assemblies can be fabricated into vacuum flanges and may use non-water based cooling mediums if required. A mockup of an optical assembly has been used to explore vibration reduction and cooling capacity. Other example beamline components such as a heat generating electromagnetic shutter demonstrate the cooling capability of these heat pipes.
	Slides THOPMA06 [13.432 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THOPMA06
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THPH02	LCLS Pulse Selector, A Multifunction Shutter for the LCLS-I 120 Hz FEL	336
	R. Armenta, E.A. Paiser SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	The LCLS Pulse Selector was designed to pick specific pulses and reduce the repetition rate of the 120Hz LCLS pulse train in support of widely diverse, user defined experiments. It utilizes two rotating parallel plates to alternately transmit and block pulses in a single sweeping motion. A conventional stepper motor connected to the plates provides the rotation. The key to the system is its sophisticated timing scheme. Each sweep of the shutter is synchronized (with a precise delay) with the event codes normally generated with each pulse for data acquisition use. This shutter system has the capability of reducing the repetition rate of the LCLS x-ray to any frequency less than or equal to 60Hz in order to select a single pulse of LCLS x-ray beam at 120Hz. Since its installation, the pulse selector has been used in multiple experiments with great success providing independent pulse selection to individual beamlines at the same time.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH02
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THPH10	High Resolution Monochromator for the IXS Experiment at Petra III Beamline P01
	F.U. Dill DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Since April 2017, beamline P01 at Petra III DESY is providing monochromatic X-Rays at energies down to 2.5keV. An in-house developed High Resolution Monochromator (HRM) for High Vacuum (5x10-7mbar) was assembled and installed in early summer 2017. As a core component a high precision goniometer was designed. A piezo actuator provides the required angular range of 40°. The angular resolution is specified with 0.5microrad and is controlled by an encoder. Three goniometers can be moved independently along the three linear directions. The linear movements are assembled by low cost linear guide components and driven by toothed wheels and toothed bars or by spindles directly attached to the motor shaft. First beamtimes in 2017 with channel cut Si (111) crystals showed promising results - HRM providing x-rays with a bandwidth of 100meV (at 2.840keV). The resolution of the goniometers is better than 0,1microrad with a stability of ±50nanorad. In spring 2018 a four-bounce setup with additional standard piezo manipulators was designed to reach a bandwidth between of 50meV. After installation and first measurements in May 2018 a total energy resolution of 100meV was achieved.
	Poster THPH10 [2.916 MB]
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THPH12	Granite Benches for Sirius X-ray Optical Systems	361
	R.R. Geraldes, C.S.N.C. Bueno, G.V. Claudiano, V.Z. Ferreira, M. Saveri Silva, A. Sikorski, M.S. Souza LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
	Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC) The first set of Sirius beamlines is expected to start operating in early 2019 and over the last few years many optical systems for the X-ray beamlines have been developed in-house at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Starting with the High-Dynamic Double Crystal Monochromator (HD-DCM), passing by the Double Channel-Cut Monochromator (4CM) and continuing with new standard mirror sys-tems, a series of granite benches, based on high-resolution levellers, and a combination of embedded and commercial air-bearings, has been designed for high mechanical and thermal stability. Specifications, designs, and partial results are presented, showing the progressive increase in complexity according to a deterministic design approach.
	Poster THPH12 [3.907 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH12
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THPH16	Compact Mirror Bender With Sub-Nanometer Adaptive Correction Control	371
	N. Gonzalez, C. Colldelram, J.B. González Fernández, J. Juanhuix, J. Nicolás, C. Ruget ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	Funding: This work is partially funded by MINECO under contract FIS2015-66328-C3-2-R and by ERDF funds. We present a compact mirror bender with dynamic surface correction. The system is the evolution of an in-house development and will be the default focusing system for the new ALBA beamlines. The bender is now more compact and can introduce stronger curvatures, as required for microfocus applications. It allows for in-situ correction of the mirror surface, with resolution and stability below one nanometer. The bender can compensate parasitic deformations caused by thermal bumps, changes of focus, or stresses appeared during installation or bakeout. The system includes two torque actuators at the ends of the mirror as well as a number of correctors along the mirror length, capable of introducing high order surface corrections. The bending curvature is actively stabilized, by a feedback loop that controls the applied force, to the equivalent of 0.25 nm rms in a 500 mm long mirror. The figure correctors provide up to 20N push-pull force with resolution below .001 N. They combine elastic and magnetic forces to improve their stability.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH16
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THPH20	Polarization Measurements at the THz Beamline of the MLS
	A. Hoehl, B. Kaestner PTB, Berlin, Germany
	The low-energy electron storage ring Metrology Light Source (MLS) is in user operation since April 2008 at operating energies ranging from 10⁵ MeV up to 630 MeV. In addition to the broadband incoherent synchrotron radiation (SR) emission it provides coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) when it is operated in a low alpha mode with shortened electron bunches. At the MLS a special bending magnet beamline optimized for the FIR/ THz spectral range is operational. We report about the integration of a custom made wiregrid based polarizer into the THz beamline and basic measurements of the polarization characteristics at the main experimental stations with respect to the SR, CSR and thermal background contributions.
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THPH23	Interlock System for a Magnetic-Bearing Pulse Selector	385
	H. Ishii, J. Adachi, T. Kosuge, H. Tanaka KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	A hybrid operation mode that enables beam time sharing between single-bunch users and multi-bunch users has been introduced in the PF 2.5GeV ring of KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization). A pulse selector, a kind of optical chopper, is used to permit the passage only of an X-ray pulse that comes from a single bunch part of the hybrid filling pattern. We have developed a new pulse selector with a magnetic bearing. It comprises a rotating dish-shaped disk, a phase-lock-loop (PLL) controlled motor system, and other parts . The speed and phase of the rotating disk is controlled by TTL signals obtained by dividing the RF signal of the PF 2.5 GeV ring. A commercially available motor driver was designed for lower loading. The rotating disk for the pulse selector is heavier than those disks used previously in which air bearings are used. A rapid deceleration of the rotation causes problems through a large current flow back to the motor driver. In this study, we describe the prototype of a programmable logic controller based on an interlock system to avoid the current flow back problem in the pulse selector.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH23
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THPH26	Mechanical Conversion of a Vertically Reflecting Artificial Channel-cut Monochromator to Horizontally Reflecting	391
	S.P. Kearney, E.M. Dufresne, S. Narayanan, A. Sandy, D. Shu ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The mechanical conversion of a high-resolution artificial channel-cut monochromator (ACCM) from a vertically reflecting orientation to a horizontally reflecting orientation is presented. The ACCM was originally commissioned for the 8-ID-I beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory [1, 2]. The ACCM was intentionally designed at commission to have the potential to be reoriented to the horizontal direction. After nearly a decade of operation in the vertical orientation the ACCM was rotated to the horizontal orientation. The details of the design which allowed this conversion and the preparation steps needed to assure the continued performance of the ACCM will be discussed. * Narayanan, S., et al., J. Synchrotron Radiat. 15(1), 12-18 (2008). ** U.S. Patent granted No. 6,607, 840, D. Shu, T. S. Toellner, and E. E. Alp, 2003.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH26
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THPH27	Mechanical Design of a Compact Non-invasive Wavefront Sensor for Hard X-rays	394
	S.P. Kearney, L. Assoufid, W.C. Grizolli, T. Kolodziej, K. Lang, A. Macrander, X. Shi, D. Shu, Yu. Shvyd'ko, W. Wojcik ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. Abstract This work describes mechanical design of a prototype compact wavefront sensor for in situ measurement and monitoring of beam wavefront of hard x-ray beamlines [1]. The system is based on a single-shot grating interferometer [2, 3] and a thin diamond single-crystal beam splitter. The beam splitter is designed to be inserted in the incident and oriented to diffract a fraction of the incident beam bandwidth into the interferometer, for wavefront measurement and reconstruction. The concept is intended to study the feasibility of a non-invasive wavefront sensor for real time wavefront monitoring and diagnostics, with possible application in adaptive mirrors for wavefront preservation and control [1, 4]. The design focus was on compactness to enable easy portability and implementation in a beamline. * L. Assoufid et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 87(5), 052004, 2016 W. Grizolli et al., SPIE Proc., 1038502, 2017 * S. Marathe et al., Adaptive X-Ray Optics III, SPIE Proc., 92080D, 2014
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH27
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THPH29	X-Ray Beam Position Monitor in TPS 24A Beamline
	M.H. Lee, C.Y. Chang, C.H. Chang, S.H. Chang, C.C. Chiu, L. Huang, L. Lai, L. Lee, D.G. Liu, Y. Su, H.Y. Yan NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	By contributions of the generic beamline components project in recent years, modular mechanisms such as mask, X-ray beam position monitor (XBPM), photon absorber (PAB), and screens were used in every beamline of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). However, these beamline components were designed for ID beamlines, so they should be redesigned for bending magnet (BM) beamlines. The TPS 24A, Soft X-ray Tomography (SXT) beamline, is one of the bending magnet (BM) beamlines in the second construction phase at the TPS. This BM beamline has high flux in the range between 260 eV and 2600 eV. It is designed for transmission full-field imaging of frozen-hydrated biological samples. At the exit slit, the beam flux optimized in 520 eV is 2.82·10¹¹ photons/second with resolving power 2000, the beam size is 50 um × 60 um (V × H, FWHM) and the beam divergence is 1.73 mrad × 1.57 mrad (V × H, FWHM). Since the TPS 24A is commissioning during these months, this paper generally makes a discussion about the XBPM in TPS 24A to help further improvement in the future.
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THPH32	Dual Beam Visualizer - Intensity Monitor for Lucia Beamline at SOLEIL Synchrotron	403
	C. Menneglier, D.K. Desjardins, V. Pinty, D. Roy, D. Vantelon SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	LUCIA is a micro-focused beamline (0.8 - 8 keV) dedicated to X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy at SOLEIL Synchrotron.* With its recent optical upgrade and photons flux increase, the three pink-beam diagnostics of the beamline have been upgraded to support a beam reaching 10¹³ph/s and 20 W/mm². This paper presents the thermomechanical study and the realization of new devices adapted to the current constraints of use, making possible to both visualize the shape of the pink beam and to measure its intensity simultaneously in the same compact device. The beam is visualized by a piece of Al2O3 - Cr ceramic, soldered to a copper heat sink, whose fluorescence image is visible in visible light with a suitable camera and optical system. The measurement of the photonic intensity is made by a polarized CVD diamond used as a photosensitive element, the current reading is made by a suitable low current amplifier. The design of this dual beam visualizer and intensity monitor, made by the SOLEIL detectors group with thermomechanical studies done by the Mechanical Design Office, will be presented in details. In-lab measurements will be also presented. * D. Vantelon et al., The LUCIA beamline at SOLEIL, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, vol 23 (part 2), pp 635-640, March 2016. doi:10.1107/S1600577516000746
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH32
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THPH33	Direct LN2 Cooled Double Crystal Monochromator	406
	T. Mochizuki, K. Akiyama, K. Endo, H. Hara, T. Ohsawa, J. Sonoyama, T. Tachibana, H. Takenaga, K. Tsubota TOYAMA Co., Ltd., Kanazawa, Japan K. Attenkofer, E. Stavitski BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	A liquid-nitrogen-cooled (LN) X-ray double crystal monochromator has been designed and built for the high power load damping wiggler beamline of the NSLS2. It was designed as the direct LN first crystal to dissipate the max heat load of 2 kW and the second is in-direct-braid LN. It is designed to operate for beam energy 5 to 36 keV with fixed exit beam mode, and for QEXAFS compatible with channel cut mode. It is designed to rotate the Bragg axis with using AC servo motor and achieve up to 10 Hz scan.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH33
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THPH34	Design & Validation of Adaptive Bendable Mirrors for the LCLS-II Soft X-Ray Beam Lines
	D.S. Morton, D. Cocco, C.L. Hardin, L. Zhang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. One of the key components of the photon beam transport system, in the LCLS-II SXR beamlines is the bendable focusing mirror system. For the first time in the Synchrotron or FEL beamlines, the large bending needed to focus the beam will be coupled with a direct cooling system, since almost the entire FEL power is de-livered through the optics to the sample. While cooling and bending the mirror, height errors shall be preserved below one nanometer RMS, to not distort the wavefront of the coherent FEL beam. This has required an extensive study of the mechanical properties of the thermal interface material, Gallium Indium (GaIn). Aside from the challenges introduced by the cooling, the mechanical requirements of the bender have resulted in an extensive design effort. This effort has yielded a prototype system that has been tested to validate our design decisions, and the FEA models of the system. In this paper, the key design elements of the bendable mirror system will be reviewed. We then discuss FEA models of the system and the expected performance. This is followed by results from laboratory tests and comparison to simulations. We finalize with the design changes and future work.
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THPH39	Novel Comprehensive UHV Lens Changer at the PETRA III Beamlines P22, P23 and P24	418
	J. Raabe, K. Ederer, R. Grifone, D. Novikov, C. Schlüter DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The design of a compact UHV-compatible X-ray transfocator for beryllium compound refractive lenses (CRL) is presented. CRLs are nowadays commonly applied as focusing elements in a lot of techniques based on synchrotron radiation. Aim of the current project was the development of a low-maintenance lens changer for beam focusing, collimation and aperture matching. The paper describes the new lens changer designs for the reliable use under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Precise and reproducible alignment is achieved by pneumatic actuators that press the lens stacks against a high precision prism. All actuators and position sensors are placed outside the UHV vessel. Alignment is facilitated by integrated beam monitors and alignment apertures. We discuss two variants of the device, one designed for 2D lenses and the other one operating with 1D lenses. In the current version, the 2D lens changer adapts 12 stacks of up to 8 single lenses each, and the 1D variant ' 8 single lenses or apertures.
	Poster THPH39 [0.190 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH39
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FROAMA01	Mechanical Engineering Instrument Design and Development for LCLS-II
	L. Zhang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	The high-repetition-rate FELs will enable a broad range of high-resolution, coherent pump probe experiments over a large photon energy range. On top of the extreme high peak power of the FEL, the average power of this high-repetition-rate FEL reaches several hundred watts. This combination of extreme high peak power and high average power becomes very challenging for the X-ray optics to preserve the FEL beam quality. As an example for X-ray optics - water cooled and dynamically bendable KB mirror, minimizing thermal deformation, bending the mirror to perfect ellipse shape. Managing the beam power of soft X-ray FEL with high energy per pulse and high average power needs windowless gas attenuator with differential pumping system. FEL beam from two different sources (SXR and HXR) or to split femtosecond FEL pulses and recombine them with a precisely adjustable delay opens numerous scientific applications such X-ray pump X-ray probe. The complexity of a delay system for LCLS-II includes multiple bounce crystals requiring femtosecond time delay accuracy and with the possibility of photon energy scan. In this paper, we will highlight design and development of these systems at LCLS.
	Slides FROAMA01 [17.486 MB]
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FROAMA02	A High Heat Load Double Crystal Monochromator and Its Cryo Cooling System for Heps	430
	H. Liang, L. Gao, Y.C. Jiang, W.F. Sheng, S. Tang, A.Y. Zhou IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China G. Cao University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A high heat load double crystal monochromator and its cryo cooling system were designed and their prototypes were fabricated for the future HEPS. The mechanical and cooling structure of the DCM are introduced. The FEA results show the DCM is capable of cooling 870 watts of heat load. The cryo cooling system is also introduced. Test results show the pressure stability of the cryo cooling system is less than 2 mbar RMS. Offline heat load test of the DCM were carried out by a ceramic heater attached to the center of the incident surface of the first crystal, and 834 watts heat load were applied by the heater without boiling the liquid nitrogen. Offline absolute vibration measurement of the second crystal assembly was carried out by a laser interferometer under different cryo pump speed, pressure and heat load conditions, to find out the stability performance accordingly. An absolute vibration of 41 nrad RMS was measured, with the pump running at 45Hz, which has a cooling capability of 400 watts.
	Slides FROAMA02 [7.370 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-FROAMA02
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FROAMA03	R&D of Mirror Bending Techniques in BSRF
	M. Li, L. Gao, H. Han, Q. Han, X. Liu, S. Tang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	High precision bending technology is development at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. We adopted two independent bending moment and variable width mirror geometry design, and no gravity compensation system, and use four rollers structure in long mirror bender and a special flexible hinge structure in short mirror bender. We test the benders' performance by our Flag-type LTP and get sub-200nrad RMS elliptical bending surface shape accuracy in full range, with 72h stability: 66nrad RMS for long mirror and 6nrad RMS for short mirror.
	Slides FROAMA03 [13.722 MB]
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FROAMA04	European XFEL SASE3 Photon Beam Commissioning and Lesson Learned
	D. La Civita, H. Sinn XFEL. EU, Schenefeld, Germany
	European XFEL, the Free-Electron-Laser facility in Hamburg (Germany), started user operation in September 2017. The novel facility produces at MHz repetition rate, coherent, 1mJ energy, femto-second pulses in a wide photon energy range. The facility comprises of a linear accelerator and three beamlines: SASE1 works in the hard X-ray regime and it is presently in user operation; SASE3 is the soft X-ray beamline and it is in advanced commissioning with beam and ready to receive users at the end of 2018; SASE2 is the second hard X-ray beamline that saw FEL light in early May 2018 and it is now in beam commissioning phase. The length of the beamlines together with the high energy and high repetition rate pulses place interesting and new engineering design challenges. The experience gained during the commissioning allows confirmations, revisions and upgrade of the present design of devices. This contribution reports about the commissioning of the SASE3 beamline and reviews part of the beamline device performance. Focus is given on the grating monochromator commissioning with beam and also on the mechanical performance verified during the device technical commissioning.
	Slides FROAMA04 [16.111 MB]
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FROAMA05	Engineering Design and Commissioning Performance of the ESM and Six Soft X-Ray Beamlines at NSLS-II	435
	Y. Zhu, S. Hulbert, M. Idir, I. Jarrige, S. O'Hara, E. Vescovo BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	Two of the five NSLS-II Experimental Tools (NEXT) project insertion-device beamlines developed for the NSLS-II facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory are state-of-the-art soft X-ray beamlines covering the 15 eV- 1500 eV photon energy range. The engineering challenges of these two beamlines included: accurate and realistic optical simulations, nearly perfect optic figure and mechanical/thermal implementation, and advanced diagnostics systems developed in-house. The measured performance (flux, spot size, resolution) of these two beamlines closely matches the calculated values. Here, the engineering design and performance measurements of these two beamlines are presented.
	Slides FROAMA05 [15.534 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-FROAMA05
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FROAMA06	High Resolution Monochromator for IXS Experiments at Petra III Beamline P01
	F.U. Dill DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Since April 2017, beamline P01 at Petra III DESY is providing monochromatic X-Rays at energies down to 2.5keV. An in-house developed High Resolution Monochromator (HRM) for High Vacuum (5x10-7mbar) was assembled and installed in early summer 2017. As a core component a high precision goniometer was designed. A piezo actuator provides the required angular range of 40°. The angular resolution is specified with 0.5microrad and is controlled by an encoder. Three goniometers can be moved independently along the three linear directions. The linear movements are assembled by low cost linear guide components and driven by toothed wheels and toothed bars or by spindles directly attached to the motor shaft. First beamtimes in 2017 with channel cut Si (111) crystals showed promising results - HRM providing x-rays with a bandwidth of 100meV (at 2.840keV). The resolution of the goniometers is better than 0,1microrad with a stability of ±50nanorad. In spring 2018 a four-bounce setup with additional standard piezo manipulators was designed to reach a bandwidth between of 50meV. After installation and first measurements in May 2018 a total energy resolution of 100meV was achieved.
	Slides FROAMA06 [4.933 MB]
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FROAMA07	ESRF Double Crystal Monochromator Prototype Project	440
	R. Baker, D. Baboulin, R. Barrett, P. Bernard, G. Berruyer, J. Bonnefoy, M. Brendike, P.M. Brumund, Y. Dabin, L. Ducotté, H. Gonzalez, G. Malandrino, P. Marion, O. Mathon, T. Roth, R. Tucoulou ESRF, Grenoble, France
	Spectroscopy beamlines at the ESRF are equipped with a generic model of double crystal monochromator, originally acquired in the 1990's. After over 15 years of continuous service, their conception, although pioneering 20 years ago, can no longer meet the challenge of present and future scientific goals in terms of position and angular stability, thermal stability, cooling system, vibration, control and feedback, particularly in view of the ESRF - EBS upgrade. Considering the above issues, a feasibility phase was launched to develop a prototype DCM dedicated to future spectroscopy applications at the ESRF. Specifications : derived from expected performance of the EBS upgrade and scientific objectives - are extremely challenging, especially in terms of mechanical and thermal stability and impose the adoption of several innovative design strategies. The prototype is currently in the assembly phase and tests of the complete system are planned before the end of 2018. An overview of the DCM prototype project will be given, including specifications, major design options implemented and various validated concepts. Current project status and first test results will also be presented.
	Slides FROAMA07 [24.528 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-FROAMA07
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FROAMA08	Refinements of SPring-8 Standard Monochromators with Cryogenically Cooled Silicon Crystals toward 50 nrad-Stability
	H. Yamazaki, Y. Ikeya, H. Kishimoto, Y. Matsuzaki, T. Miura, H. Ohashi, Y. Senba, Y. Shimizu, T. Takeuchi, M. Tanaka, I. Tsuboki JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan
	In SPring-8, 21 of the 28 X-ray undulator beamlines have the same sets of a double-crystal monochromator (DCM) and a cryogenically cooling system. A remaining problem is vibration for the forthcoming upgraded SPring-8. For certain experiments, vibration seems to fluctuate the source position. The virtual fluctuation, which increases the effective source size, degrades high-density nanobeam made by direct projection of the source. When a DCM is placed at 40 m downstream from a source with 6-um size, the vibration should be 50 nrad to suppress 20%-increase of the source size. The vibration was over 800 nrad in 2011. We have continued improving low-vibration flexible tubes for transport tube of liquid nitrogen, high-rigidity tilt stages, and temperature controllers of the coolant. The latest-version refinements were carried out to 5 DCMs in 2017FY. The vibrations were reduced to about 110 nrad in 4 DCMs and 55 nrad for one.
	Slides FROAMA08 [4.353 MB]
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Paper

Title

Page

WEPH37

Modified Twyman-Green Interferometer for the Sagittal-Focusing Monochromator

F.G. Yang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The sagittally bent monochromator is a desirable optics for hard X-ray beamlines and an important part of the advanced research for High Energy Photon Source (HEPS). The information of the surface figure of the crystal is very important for the optimization of bender. However, it is difficult to measure the shape directly by interferometer or long trace profiler due to very big principal curvature (1/Rs), which distorts the deflectometric probe light therefore affects the accuracy of the measurement. We have developed ex-situ metrology instrument - a low-cost modified Twyman-Green interferometer by using commercial element in our laboratory. The misalignment among the detector, cylindrical sample light and the crystal mirror was adjusted by rotating the interferometer according to the theoretical calculation, which can separate the effect of the misalignment and the distortion of the mirror. The accuracy of the curvature radius (about few mm) is assured by precisely moving the mirror under test.

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WEPH42

Sub-20-nrad Stability of an LN2-Cooled Vertical-Offset Double-Crystal Monochromator

T. Waterstradt, W. Diete, A. Schacht
AXILON AG, Koeln, Germany
C. Engblom, M. Scheel, T. Weitkamp
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

We have developed a compact and rigid mechanical design for a liquid-nitrogen-cooled vertically-deflecting double-crystal monochromator (DCM) for the ANATOMIX beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL. An in-situ differential interferometer setup directly measures the pitch and roll parallelism between the 1st and the 2nd crystal under operating conditions with liquid-nitrogen flow and at pressures below 10^-8 mbar. Factory measurements at moderate LN2 flow rates show a stability of the relative pitch of 25 nrad RMS (0.1 to 10 kHz) and a first relevant resonant frequency of 175 Hz. At lower flow rates, still sufficient to dissipate several hundred watts of heat load, an angular stability of 15 nrad RMS is achieved.

Poster WEPH42 [1.332 MB]

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THOPMA05

Using Resistive Element Adjustable Length (REAL) Cooling to Increase Optical Design Flexibility in High Power XFELS

C.L. Hardin, D. Cocco, L. Lee, D.S. Morton, M.L. Ng, L. Zhang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

With the onset of high power XFELs and diffraction limited storage rings, there is a growing demand to maintain sub nanometer mirror figures even under high heat load. This is a difficult issue as the optimum cooling design for an optic is highly dependent on the power footprint on the mirror, which can be highly dynamic. Resistive Element Adjustable Length cooling can be utilized to change the cooling parameters during an experiment to adapt for changing beam parameters. A case study of the new soft x-ray monochromator for the LCLS L2SI program is presented that utilizes this new capability to allow the beam to translate across the mirror for different operation modes, greatly simplifying the monochromator mechanics.

Slides THOPMA05 [22.095 MB]

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THOPMA06

Development of Low Vibration Cooling Systems for Beamline Optics Using Heat Pipe Technology

331

J.R. Nasiatka, O. Omolayo, H.A. Padmore, S.S. Soezeri
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: This research used resources of the Advanced Light Source, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Cooling of in-vacuum beamline components has always been problematic. Water cooling lines can transfer vibrations to critical components, and often require complex air guarding systems to ensure that the vacuum envelope is not breached in the event of a leak. These constraints increase design complexity, limit options, and provide challenges for assembly and maintenance. Commercial heat pipes are inexpensive and readily available. Custom assemblies can be fabricated into vacuum flanges and may use non-water based cooling mediums if required. A mockup of an optical assembly has been used to explore vibration reduction and cooling capacity. Other example beamline components such as a heat generating electromagnetic shutter demonstrate the cooling capability of these heat pipes.

Slides THOPMA06 [13.432 MB]

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THPH02

LCLS Pulse Selector, A Multifunction Shutter for the LCLS-I 120 Hz FEL

336

R. Armenta, E.A. Paiser
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

The LCLS Pulse Selector was designed to pick specific pulses and reduce the repetition rate of the 120Hz LCLS pulse train in support of widely diverse, user defined experiments. It utilizes two rotating parallel plates to alternately transmit and block pulses in a single sweeping motion. A conventional stepper motor connected to the plates provides the rotation. The key to the system is its sophisticated timing scheme. Each sweep of the shutter is synchronized (with a precise delay) with the event codes normally generated with each pulse for data acquisition use. This shutter system has the capability of reducing the repetition rate of the LCLS x-ray to any frequency less than or equal to 60Hz in order to select a single pulse of LCLS x-ray beam at 120Hz. Since its installation, the pulse selector has been used in multiple experiments with great success providing independent pulse selection to individual beamlines at the same time.

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THPH10

High Resolution Monochromator for the IXS Experiment at Petra III Beamline P01

F.U. Dill
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Since April 2017, beamline P01 at Petra III DESY is providing monochromatic X-Rays at energies down to 2.5keV. An in-house developed High Resolution Monochromator (HRM) for High Vacuum (5x10-7mbar) was assembled and installed in early summer 2017. As a core component a high precision goniometer was designed. A piezo actuator provides the required angular range of 40°. The angular resolution is specified with 0.5microrad and is controlled by an encoder. Three goniometers can be moved independently along the three linear directions. The linear movements are assembled by low cost linear guide components and driven by toothed wheels and toothed bars or by spindles directly attached to the motor shaft. First beamtimes in 2017 with channel cut Si (111) crystals showed promising results - HRM providing x-rays with a bandwidth of 100meV (at 2.840keV). The resolution of the goniometers is better than 0,1microrad with a stability of ±50nanorad. In spring 2018 a four-bounce setup with additional standard piezo manipulators was designed to reach a bandwidth between of 50meV. After installation and first measurements in May 2018 a total energy resolution of 100meV was achieved.

Poster THPH10 [2.916 MB]

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THPH12

Granite Benches for Sirius X-ray Optical Systems

361

R.R. Geraldes, C.S.N.C. Bueno, G.V. Claudiano, V.Z. Ferreira, M. Saveri Silva, A. Sikorski, M.S. Souza
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil

Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC)
The first set of Sirius beamlines is expected to start operating in early 2019 and over the last few years many optical systems for the X-ray beamlines have been developed in-house at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Starting with the High-Dynamic Double Crystal Monochromator (HD-DCM), passing by the Double Channel-Cut Monochromator (4CM) and continuing with new standard mirror sys-tems, a series of granite benches, based on high-resolution levellers, and a combination of embedded and commercial air-bearings, has been designed for high mechanical and thermal stability. Specifications, designs, and partial results are presented, showing the progressive increase in complexity according to a deterministic design approach.

Poster THPH12 [3.907 MB]

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THPH16

Compact Mirror Bender With Sub-Nanometer Adaptive Correction Control

371

N. Gonzalez, C. Colldelram, J.B. González Fernández, J. Juanhuix, J. Nicolás, C. Ruget
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

Funding: This work is partially funded by MINECO under contract FIS2015-66328-C3-2-R and by ERDF funds.
We present a compact mirror bender with dynamic surface correction. The system is the evolution of an in-house development and will be the default focusing system for the new ALBA beamlines. The bender is now more compact and can introduce stronger curvatures, as required for microfocus applications. It allows for in-situ correction of the mirror surface, with resolution and stability below one nanometer. The bender can compensate parasitic deformations caused by thermal bumps, changes of focus, or stresses appeared during installation or bakeout. The system includes two torque actuators at the ends of the mirror as well as a number of correctors along the mirror length, capable of introducing high order surface corrections. The bending curvature is actively stabilized, by a feedback loop that controls the applied force, to the equivalent of 0.25 nm rms in a 500 mm long mirror. The figure correctors provide up to 20N push-pull force with resolution below .001 N. They combine elastic and magnetic forces to improve their stability.

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THPH20

Polarization Measurements at the THz Beamline of the MLS

A. Hoehl, B. Kaestner
PTB, Berlin, Germany

The low-energy electron storage ring Metrology Light Source (MLS) is in user operation since April 2008 at operating energies ranging from 10⁵ MeV up to 630 MeV. In addition to the broadband incoherent synchrotron radiation (SR) emission it provides coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) when it is operated in a low alpha mode with shortened electron bunches. At the MLS a special bending magnet beamline optimized for the FIR/ THz spectral range is operational. We report about the integration of a custom made wiregrid based polarizer into the THz beamline and basic measurements of the polarization characteristics at the main experimental stations with respect to the SR, CSR and thermal background contributions.

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THPH23

Interlock System for a Magnetic-Bearing Pulse Selector

385

H. Ishii, J. Adachi, T. Kosuge, H. Tanaka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

A hybrid operation mode that enables beam time sharing between single-bunch users and multi-bunch users has been introduced in the PF 2.5GeV ring of KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization). A pulse selector, a kind of optical chopper, is used to permit the passage only of an X-ray pulse that comes from a single bunch part of the hybrid filling pattern. We have developed a new pulse selector with a magnetic bearing. It comprises a rotating dish-shaped disk, a phase-lock-loop (PLL) controlled motor system, and other parts . The speed and phase of the rotating disk is controlled by TTL signals obtained by dividing the RF signal of the PF 2.5 GeV ring. A commercially available motor driver was designed for lower loading. The rotating disk for the pulse selector is heavier than those disks used previously in which air bearings are used. A rapid deceleration of the rotation causes problems through a large current flow back to the motor driver. In this study, we describe the prototype of a programmable logic controller based on an interlock system to avoid the current flow back problem in the pulse selector.

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THPH26

Mechanical Conversion of a Vertically Reflecting Artificial Channel-cut Monochromator to Horizontally Reflecting

391

S.P. Kearney, E.M. Dufresne, S. Narayanan, A. Sandy, D. Shu
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The mechanical conversion of a high-resolution artificial channel-cut monochromator (ACCM) from a vertically reflecting orientation to a horizontally reflecting orientation is presented. The ACCM was originally commissioned for the 8-ID-I beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory [1, 2]. The ACCM was intentionally designed at commission to have the potential to be reoriented to the horizontal direction. After nearly a decade of operation in the vertical orientation the ACCM was rotated to the horizontal orientation. The details of the design which allowed this conversion and the preparation steps needed to assure the continued performance of the ACCM will be discussed.
* Narayanan, S., et al., J. Synchrotron Radiat. 15(1), 12-18 (2008).
** U.S. Patent granted No. 6,607, 840, D. Shu, T. S. Toellner, and E. E. Alp, 2003.

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THPH27

Mechanical Design of a Compact Non-invasive Wavefront Sensor for Hard X-rays

394

S.P. Kearney, L. Assoufid, W.C. Grizolli, T. Kolodziej, K. Lang, A. Macrander, X. Shi, D. Shu, Yu. Shvyd'ko, W. Wojcik
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357.
Abstract This work describes mechanical design of a prototype compact wavefront sensor for in situ measurement and monitoring of beam wavefront of hard x-ray beamlines [1]. The system is based on a single-shot grating interferometer [2, 3] and a thin diamond single-crystal beam splitter. The beam splitter is designed to be inserted in the incident and oriented to diffract a fraction of the incident beam bandwidth into the interferometer, for wavefront measurement and reconstruction. The concept is intended to study the feasibility of a non-invasive wavefront sensor for real time wavefront monitoring and diagnostics, with possible application in adaptive mirrors for wavefront preservation and control [1, 4]. The design focus was on compactness to enable easy portability and implementation in a beamline.
* L. Assoufid et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 87(5), 052004, 2016
** W. Grizolli et al., SPIE Proc., 1038502, 2017
*** S. Marathe et al., Adaptive X-Ray Optics III, SPIE Proc., 92080D, 2014

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THPH29

X-Ray Beam Position Monitor in TPS 24A Beamline

M.H. Lee, C.Y. Chang, C.H. Chang, S.H. Chang, C.C. Chiu, L. Huang, L. Lai, L. Lee, D.G. Liu, Y. Su, H.Y. Yan
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

By contributions of the generic beamline components project in recent years, modular mechanisms such as mask, X-ray beam position monitor (XBPM), photon absorber (PAB), and screens were used in every beamline of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). However, these beamline components were designed for ID beamlines, so they should be redesigned for bending magnet (BM) beamlines. The TPS 24A, Soft X-ray Tomography (SXT) beamline, is one of the bending magnet (BM) beamlines in the second construction phase at the TPS. This BM beamline has high flux in the range between 260 eV and 2600 eV. It is designed for transmission full-field imaging of frozen-hydrated biological samples. At the exit slit, the beam flux optimized in 520 eV is 2.82·10¹¹ photons/second with resolving power 2000, the beam size is 50 um × 60 um (V × H, FWHM) and the beam divergence is 1.73 mrad × 1.57 mrad (V × H, FWHM). Since the TPS 24A is commissioning during these months, this paper generally makes a discussion about the XBPM in TPS 24A to help further improvement in the future.

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THPH32

Dual Beam Visualizer - Intensity Monitor for Lucia Beamline at SOLEIL Synchrotron

403

C. Menneglier, D.K. Desjardins, V. Pinty, D. Roy, D. Vantelon
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

LUCIA is a micro-focused beamline (0.8 - 8 keV) dedicated to X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy at SOLEIL Synchrotron.* With its recent optical upgrade and photons flux increase, the three pink-beam diagnostics of the beamline have been upgraded to support a beam reaching 10¹³ph/s and 20 W/mm². This paper presents the thermomechanical study and the realization of new devices adapted to the current constraints of use, making possible to both visualize the shape of the pink beam and to measure its intensity simultaneously in the same compact device. The beam is visualized by a piece of Al2O3 - Cr ceramic, soldered to a copper heat sink, whose fluorescence image is visible in visible light with a suitable camera and optical system. The measurement of the photonic intensity is made by a polarized CVD diamond used as a photosensitive element, the current reading is made by a suitable low current amplifier. The design of this dual beam visualizer and intensity monitor, made by the SOLEIL detectors group with thermomechanical studies done by the Mechanical Design Office, will be presented in details. In-lab measurements will be also presented.
* D. Vantelon et al., The LUCIA beamline at SOLEIL, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, vol 23 (part 2), pp 635-640, March 2016. doi:10.1107/S1600577516000746

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THPH33

Direct LN2 Cooled Double Crystal Monochromator

406

T. Mochizuki, K. Akiyama, K. Endo, H. Hara, T. Ohsawa, J. Sonoyama, T. Tachibana, H. Takenaga, K. Tsubota
TOYAMA Co., Ltd., Kanazawa, Japan
K. Attenkofer, E. Stavitski
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

A liquid-nitrogen-cooled (LN) X-ray double crystal monochromator has been designed and built for the high power load damping wiggler beamline of the NSLS2. It was designed as the direct LN first crystal to dissipate the max heat load of 2 kW and the second is in-direct-braid LN. It is designed to operate for beam energy 5 to 36 keV with fixed exit beam mode, and for QEXAFS compatible with channel cut mode. It is designed to rotate the Bragg axis with using AC servo motor and achieve up to 10 Hz scan.

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THPH34

Design & Validation of Adaptive Bendable Mirrors for the LCLS-II Soft X-Ray Beam Lines

D.S. Morton, D. Cocco, C.L. Hardin, L. Zhang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.
One of the key components of the photon beam transport system, in the LCLS-II SXR beamlines is the bendable focusing mirror system. For the first time in the Synchrotron or FEL beamlines, the large bending needed to focus the beam will be coupled with a direct cooling system, since almost the entire FEL power is de-livered through the optics to the sample. While cooling and bending the mirror, height errors shall be preserved below one nanometer RMS, to not distort the wavefront of the coherent FEL beam. This has required an extensive study of the mechanical properties of the thermal interface material, Gallium Indium (GaIn). Aside from the challenges introduced by the cooling, the mechanical requirements of the bender have resulted in an extensive design effort. This effort has yielded a prototype system that has been tested to validate our design decisions, and the FEA models of the system. In this paper, the key design elements of the bendable mirror system will be reviewed. We then discuss FEA models of the system and the expected performance. This is followed by results from laboratory tests and comparison to simulations. We finalize with the design changes and future work.

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THPH39

Novel Comprehensive UHV Lens Changer at the PETRA III Beamlines P22, P23 and P24

418

J. Raabe, K. Ederer, R. Grifone, D. Novikov, C. Schlüter
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The design of a compact UHV-compatible X-ray transfocator for beryllium compound refractive lenses (CRL) is presented. CRLs are nowadays commonly applied as focusing elements in a lot of techniques based on synchrotron radiation. Aim of the current project was the development of a low-maintenance lens changer for beam focusing, collimation and aperture matching. The paper describes the new lens changer designs for the reliable use under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Precise and reproducible alignment is achieved by pneumatic actuators that press the lens stacks against a high precision prism. All actuators and position sensors are placed outside the UHV vessel. Alignment is facilitated by integrated beam monitors and alignment apertures. We discuss two variants of the device, one designed for 2D lenses and the other one operating with 1D lenses. In the current version, the 2D lens changer adapts 12 stacks of up to 8 single lenses each, and the 1D variant ' 8 single lenses or apertures.

Poster THPH39 [0.190 MB]

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FROAMA01

Mechanical Engineering Instrument Design and Development for LCLS-II

L. Zhang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

The high-repetition-rate FELs will enable a broad range of high-resolution, coherent pump probe experiments over a large photon energy range. On top of the extreme high peak power of the FEL, the average power of this high-repetition-rate FEL reaches several hundred watts. This combination of extreme high peak power and high average power becomes very challenging for the X-ray optics to preserve the FEL beam quality. As an example for X-ray optics - water cooled and dynamically bendable KB mirror, minimizing thermal deformation, bending the mirror to perfect ellipse shape. Managing the beam power of soft X-ray FEL with high energy per pulse and high average power needs windowless gas attenuator with differential pumping system. FEL beam from two different sources (SXR and HXR) or to split femtosecond FEL pulses and recombine them with a precisely adjustable delay opens numerous scientific applications such X-ray pump X-ray probe. The complexity of a delay system for LCLS-II includes multiple bounce crystals requiring femtosecond time delay accuracy and with the possibility of photon energy scan. In this paper, we will highlight design and development of these systems at LCLS.

Slides FROAMA01 [17.486 MB]

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FROAMA02

A High Heat Load Double Crystal Monochromator and Its Cryo Cooling System for Heps

430

H. Liang, L. Gao, Y.C. Jiang, W.F. Sheng, S. Tang, A.Y. Zhou
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
G. Cao
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A high heat load double crystal monochromator and its cryo cooling system were designed and their prototypes were fabricated for the future HEPS. The mechanical and cooling structure of the DCM are introduced. The FEA results show the DCM is capable of cooling 870 watts of heat load. The cryo cooling system is also introduced. Test results show the pressure stability of the cryo cooling system is less than 2 mbar RMS. Offline heat load test of the DCM were carried out by a ceramic heater attached to the center of the incident surface of the first crystal, and 834 watts heat load were applied by the heater without boiling the liquid nitrogen. Offline absolute vibration measurement of the second crystal assembly was carried out by a laser interferometer under different cryo pump speed, pressure and heat load conditions, to find out the stability performance accordingly. An absolute vibration of 41 nrad RMS was measured, with the pump running at 45Hz, which has a cooling capability of 400 watts.

Slides FROAMA02 [7.370 MB]

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FROAMA03

R&D of Mirror Bending Techniques in BSRF

M. Li, L. Gao, H. Han, Q. Han, X. Liu, S. Tang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

High precision bending technology is development at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. We adopted two independent bending moment and variable width mirror geometry design, and no gravity compensation system, and use four rollers structure in long mirror bender and a special flexible hinge structure in short mirror bender. We test the benders' performance by our Flag-type LTP and get sub-200nrad RMS elliptical bending surface shape accuracy in full range, with 72h stability: 66nrad RMS for long mirror and 6nrad RMS for short mirror.

Slides FROAMA03 [13.722 MB]

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FROAMA04

European XFEL SASE3 Photon Beam Commissioning and Lesson Learned

D. La Civita, H. Sinn
XFEL. EU, Schenefeld, Germany

European XFEL, the Free-Electron-Laser facility in Hamburg (Germany), started user operation in September 2017. The novel facility produces at MHz repetition rate, coherent, 1mJ energy, femto-second pulses in a wide photon energy range. The facility comprises of a linear accelerator and three beamlines: SASE1 works in the hard X-ray regime and it is presently in user operation; SASE3 is the soft X-ray beamline and it is in advanced commissioning with beam and ready to receive users at the end of 2018; SASE2 is the second hard X-ray beamline that saw FEL light in early May 2018 and it is now in beam commissioning phase. The length of the beamlines together with the high energy and high repetition rate pulses place interesting and new engineering design challenges. The experience gained during the commissioning allows confirmations, revisions and upgrade of the present design of devices. This contribution reports about the commissioning of the SASE3 beamline and reviews part of the beamline device performance. Focus is given on the grating monochromator commissioning with beam and also on the mechanical performance verified during the device technical commissioning.

Slides FROAMA04 [16.111 MB]

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FROAMA05

Engineering Design and Commissioning Performance of the ESM and Six Soft X-Ray Beamlines at NSLS-II

435

Y. Zhu, S. Hulbert, M. Idir, I. Jarrige, S. O'Hara, E. Vescovo
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

Two of the five NSLS-II Experimental Tools (NEXT) project insertion-device beamlines developed for the NSLS-II facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory are state-of-the-art soft X-ray beamlines covering the 15 eV- 1500 eV photon energy range. The engineering challenges of these two beamlines included: accurate and realistic optical simulations, nearly perfect optic figure and mechanical/thermal implementation, and advanced diagnostics systems developed in-house. The measured performance (flux, spot size, resolution) of these two beamlines closely matches the calculated values. Here, the engineering design and performance measurements of these two beamlines are presented.

Slides FROAMA05 [15.534 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-FROAMA05

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FROAMA06

High Resolution Monochromator for IXS Experiments at Petra III Beamline P01

F.U. Dill
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Since April 2017, beamline P01 at Petra III DESY is providing monochromatic X-Rays at energies down to 2.5keV. An in-house developed High Resolution Monochromator (HRM) for High Vacuum (5x10-7mbar) was assembled and installed in early summer 2017. As a core component a high precision goniometer was designed. A piezo actuator provides the required angular range of 40°. The angular resolution is specified with 0.5microrad and is controlled by an encoder. Three goniometers can be moved independently along the three linear directions. The linear movements are assembled by low cost linear guide components and driven by toothed wheels and toothed bars or by spindles directly attached to the motor shaft. First beamtimes in 2017 with channel cut Si (111) crystals showed promising results - HRM providing x-rays with a bandwidth of 100meV (at 2.840keV). The resolution of the goniometers is better than 0,1microrad with a stability of ±50nanorad. In spring 2018 a four-bounce setup with additional standard piezo manipulators was designed to reach a bandwidth between of 50meV. After installation and first measurements in May 2018 a total energy resolution of 100meV was achieved.

Slides FROAMA06 [4.933 MB]

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FROAMA07

ESRF Double Crystal Monochromator Prototype Project

440

R. Baker, D. Baboulin, R. Barrett, P. Bernard, G. Berruyer, J. Bonnefoy, M. Brendike, P.M. Brumund, Y. Dabin, L. Ducotté, H. Gonzalez, G. Malandrino, P. Marion, O. Mathon, T. Roth, R. Tucoulou
ESRF, Grenoble, France

Spectroscopy beamlines at the ESRF are equipped with a generic model of double crystal monochromator, originally acquired in the 1990's. After over 15 years of continuous service, their conception, although pioneering 20 years ago, can no longer meet the challenge of present and future scientific goals in terms of position and angular stability, thermal stability, cooling system, vibration, control and feedback, particularly in view of the ESRF - EBS upgrade. Considering the above issues, a feasibility phase was launched to develop a prototype DCM dedicated to future spectroscopy applications at the ESRF. Specifications : derived from expected performance of the EBS upgrade and scientific objectives - are extremely challenging, especially in terms of mechanical and thermal stability and impose the adoption of several innovative design strategies. The prototype is currently in the assembly phase and tests of the complete system are planned before the end of 2018. An overview of the DCM prototype project will be given, including specifications, major design options implemented and various validated concepts. Current project status and first test results will also be presented.

Slides FROAMA07 [24.528 MB]

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FROAMA08

Refinements of SPring-8 Standard Monochromators with Cryogenically Cooled Silicon Crystals toward 50 nrad-Stability

H. Yamazaki, Y. Ikeya, H. Kishimoto, Y. Matsuzaki, T. Miura, H. Ohashi, Y. Senba, Y. Shimizu, T. Takeuchi, M. Tanaka, I. Tsuboki
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan

In SPring-8, 21 of the 28 X-ray undulator beamlines have the same sets of a double-crystal monochromator (DCM) and a cryogenically cooling system. A remaining problem is vibration for the forthcoming upgraded SPring-8. For certain experiments, vibration seems to fluctuate the source position. The virtual fluctuation, which increases the effective source size, degrades high-density nanobeam made by direct projection of the source. When a DCM is placed at 40 m downstream from a source with 6-um size, the vibration should be 50 nrad to suppress 20%-increase of the source size. The vibration was over 800 nrad in 2011. We have continued improving low-vibration flexible tubes for transport tube of liquid nitrogen, high-rigidity tilt stages, and temperature controllers of the coolant. The latest-version refinements were carried out to 5 DCMs in 2017FY. The vibrations were reduced to about 110 nrad in 4 DCMs and 55 nrad for one.

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