IPAC2017 - Classification: 01 Circular and Linear Colliders / A08 Linear Accelerators

Paper	Title	Page
TUOCB3	CBETA - Cornell University Brookhaven National Laboratory Electron Energy Recovery Test Accelerator	1285
	D. Trbojevic, S. Bellavia, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, S.J. Brooks, K.A. Brown, W. Fischer, F.X. Karl, C. Liu, G.J. Mahler, F. Méot, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, F.J. Willeke, H. Witte BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA N. Banerjee, J. Barley, A.C. Bartnik, I.V. Bazarov, D.C. Burke, J.A. Crittenden, L. Cultrera, J. Dobbins, B.M. Dunham, R.G. Eichhorn, S.J. Full, F. Furuta, R.E. Gallagher, M. Ge, B.K. Heltsley, G.H. Hoffstaetter, R.P.K. Kaplan, V.O. Kostroun, Y. Li, M. Liepe, W. Lou, C.E. Mayes, J.R. Patterson, P. Quigley, D.M. Sabol, D. Sagan, J. Sears, C.H. Shore, E.N. Smith, K.W. Smolenski, V. Veshcherevich, D. Widger Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA D. Douglas JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA D. Jusic, J.R. Patterson Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Cornell's Lab of Accelerator-based Sciences and Education (CLASSE) and the Collider Accelerator Department (BNL-CAD) are developing the first SRF multi-turn energy recovery linac with Non-Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (NS-FFAG) racetrack. The existing injector and superconducting linac at Cornell University are installed together with a single NS-FFAG arcs and straight section at the opposite side of the the linac to form an Electron Energy Recovery (ERL) system. Electron beam from the 6 MeV injector is injected into the 36 MeV superconducting linac, and accelerated by four successive passes: from 42 MeV up to 150 MeV using the same NS-FFAG structure made of permanent magnets. After the maximum energy of 150 MeV is reached, the electron beam is brought back to the linac with opposite Radio Frequency (RF) phase. Energy is recovered and reduced to the initial value of 6 MeV with 4 additional passes. There are many novelties: a single NS-FFAG structure, made of permanent magnets, brings electrons with four different energies back to the linac. A new adiabatic NS-FFAG arc-to-straight section merges 4 separated orbits into a single orbit in the straight section.
	Slides TUOCB3 [41.888 MB]
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TUPAB003	High Energy Density Irradiation With MAMI LINAC	1296
	P. Heil, K. Aulenbacher, Th. Beiser IKP, Mainz, Germany A. Ignatenko, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, A. Ushakov DESY, Hamburg, Germany S. Riemann DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany
	In order to build a positron source for the ILC, a high energy density irradiation is needed to test the used materials. At the MAMI linear accelerator such a radiation can be provided at different electron energies. With a macro pulsed source it is possible to imitate a yearlong radiation at the ILC within several hours. Small transversal beam sizes need to be provided with the focusing system and be measured at high beam currents using transition radiation and current measurements.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB003
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TUPAB004	Progress of 7-GeV SuperKEKB Injector Linac Upgrade and Commissioning	1300
	K. Furukawa, M. Akemoto, D.A. Arakawa, Y. Arakida, H. Ego, A. Enomoto, Y. Enomoto, S. Fukuda, Y. Funahashi, T. Higo, H. Honma, N. Iida, M. Ikeda, H. Kaji, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, H. Katagiri, M. Kawamura, M. Kurashina, S. Matsumoto, T. Matsumoto, H. Matsushita, S. Michizono, K. Mikawa, T. Miura, F. Miyahara, H. Nakajima, K. Nakao, T. Natsui, M. Nishida, Y. Ogawa, Y. Ohnishi, S. Ohsawa, F. Qiu, I. Satake, D. Satoh, M. Satoh, Y. Seimiya, A. Shirakawa, H. Sugimoto, H. Sugimura, T. Suwada, T. Takatomi, T. Takenaka, M. Tanaka, N. Toge, Y. Yano, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, R. Zhang, X. Zhou KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	KEK injector linac has delivered electrons and positrons for particle physics and photon science experiments for more than 30 years. It is being upgraded for the SuperKEKB project, which aims at a 40-fold increase in luminosity over the previous project KEKB, in order to increase our understanding of new physics beyond the standard model of elementary particle physics. SuperKEKB asymmetric electron and positron collider with its extremely high luminosity requires a high current, low emittance and low energy spread injection beam from the injector. Electron beams will be generated by a new type of RF gun, that will provide a much higher beam current to correspond to a large stored beam current and a short lifetime in the ring. The positron source is another major challenge that enhances the positron bunch intensity from 1 to 4 nC by increasing the positron capture efficiency, and the positron beam emittance is reduced from 2000 micron to 20 micron in the vertical plane by introducing a damping ring, followed by the bunch compressor and energy compressor. The recent status of the upgrade and beam commissioning is reported.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB004
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TUPAB005	Investigation of Beam Variation and Emittance Growth Simulation With Both Misalignments and the Beam Jitter for SuperKEKB Injector Linac	1304
	Y. Seimiya, K. Furukawa, T. Higo, F. Miyahara, M. Satoh, T. Suwada KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Funding: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16K17545. The SuperKEKB is e⁺/e⁻ circular collider for high luminosity, 8Â¥times10³⁵ as a target value. For the high luminosity, the injector linac is required to transport low emittance high-charged electron beam and positron beam to the ring. A charged beam with an offset from a center of cavity is affected by the wakefield depending on both the offset size in the cavity and longitudinal particle position in the beam. The wakefield causes emittance growth. This growth can be suppressed by appropriate orbit control so as to cancel the wakefield effect of the cavities in total. On the other hands, the beam variation in 6-dimensional phase space also induces the emittance growth. Emittance growth by both misalignments and 6-dimensional beam jitter was evaluated by particle tracking simulation. Investigation of beam jitter and drift was also performed by correlation analysis between beam position and measured parameter, charge or temperature.
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TUPAB008	CEPC Linac Design and Beam Dynamics	1315
	C. Meng, Y.L. Chi, X.P. Li, G. Pei, S. Pei, D. Wang, J.R. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC) is a 100 km ring e⁺ e⁻ collider for a Higgs factory, which is organized and led by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in collaboration with a number of institutions from various countries. The linac of CEPC is a normal con-ducting S-band linac with frequency in 2856.75 MHz and provide electron and positron beam at an energy up to 10 GeV with bunch charge in 1.0 nC and repetition frequency in 100 Hz. The linac scheme will be detailed discussed in this paper, including electron bunching system, positron source design, and main linac. Positrons are generated using a 4 GeV electron beam with bunch charge 10 nC hit tungsten target and the positron source design are presented. The beam dynamic results with longitudinal short Wakefield, transverse Wakefield and errors are presented.
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TUPAB010	High-Gradient Breakdown Studies of X-Band Choke-Mode Structures	1322
SUSPSIK005	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	X.W. Wu, H.B. Chen, J. Shi, H. Zha TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China T. Abe, T. Higo, S. Matsumoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	As an alternative design for Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) main accelerating structures, X-band choke-mode damped structures had been studied for several years. However, the performance of choke-mode cavity under high power is still in lack of research. Two standing-wave single-cell choke-mode damped accelerating structures working at 11.424 GHz and one reference structure without choke were designed, manufactured, low-power measured, and tuned by accelerator group at Tsinghua University. High-power test had been done on them to study the breakdown phenomenon in high gradient and how the choke affects high-gradient properties. A max gradient of 75 MV/m were achieved by the choke-mode structure and the choke breakdown limited further increasing of the gradient. Inner surface inspection of the choke-mode structures indicates that the axial part of the choke limits the performance of the structure. Based on this observation, three new choke-mode structures were designed and being manufactured.
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TUPAB011	Beam Dynamics Simulation in Two Versions of New Photogun for FCC-ee Electron Injector Linac	1326
	S.M. Polozov, T.V. Bondarenko MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
	New high-energy frontier project FCC is now under development at CERN. The project includes three modes: ee, hh and eh interactions for FCC. New injection system for FCC-ee is planned to consist of new ~ 2-14 GeV electron linac and electron-positron converter. Injector linac should provide two regimes: ~250 pC bunches for injection and ~6 nC bunches for e⁻/e⁺ conversion. Two possible schemes of photogun are comprised and results of beam dynamics simulation in both FCC-ee injection linac photoguns are discussed.
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TUPAB014	Preliminary Design of FCC-ee Pre-Injector Complex	1337
SUSPSIK006	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	S. Ogur, Y. Papaphilippou, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A.M. Barnyakov, A.E. Levichev, D.A. Nikiforov BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia K. Furukawa, N. Iida, F. Miyahara, K. Oide KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The design of a 100 km circular e⁺e⁻ collider with extremely high luminosity is an important component of the global Future Circular Collider (FCC) study hosted by CERN. FCC-ee is being designed to serve as Z, W, H and top factory, covering beam energies from 45.6 to 175 GeV. For the injectors, the Z-operation is the most challenging mode, due to the high total charge and low equilibrium emittance in the collider at this energy. Thus, fulfilling the Z-mode will also meet the demands for all other modes of FCC-ee. This goal can be achieved by using a 6 GeV NC linac with an S-band RF frequency of 2.856 GHz and a repetition rate of 100 Hz. This linac will accelerate two bunches per RF pulse, each with a charge of 6.5 nC. Positrons will be generated by sending 4.46 GeV e^- onto a hybrid target so that the e⁺ created can still be accelerated to 1.54 GeV in the remaining part of the same linac. The emittance of the e⁺ beam will then shrink to the nm level in a 1.54 GeV damping ring. After damping, the e⁺ will be reinjected into the linac and accelerated to 6 GeV. The e^- and e⁺ will then be accelerated alternately to 45.6 GeV in the booster, before they are injected into the collider.
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Paper

Title

Page

CBETA - Cornell University Brookhaven National Laboratory Electron Energy Recovery Test Accelerator

1285

D. Trbojevic, S. Bellavia, J.S. Berg, M. Blaskiewicz, S.J. Brooks, K.A. Brown, W. Fischer, F.X. Karl, C. Liu, G.J. Mahler, F. Méot, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, P. Thieberger, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, F.J. Willeke, H. Witte
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
N. Banerjee, J. Barley, A.C. Bartnik, I.V. Bazarov, D.C. Burke, J.A. Crittenden, L. Cultrera, J. Dobbins, B.M. Dunham, R.G. Eichhorn, S.J. Full, F. Furuta, R.E. Gallagher, M. Ge, B.K. Heltsley, G.H. Hoffstaetter, R.P.K. Kaplan, V.O. Kostroun, Y. Li, M. Liepe, W. Lou, C.E. Mayes, J.R. Patterson, P. Quigley, D.M. Sabol, D. Sagan, J. Sears, C.H. Shore, E.N. Smith, K.W. Smolenski, V. Veshcherevich, D. Widger
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
D. Douglas
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
D. Jusic, J.R. Patterson
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA)
Cornell's Lab of Accelerator-based Sciences and Education (CLASSE) and the Collider Accelerator Department (BNL-CAD) are developing the first SRF multi-turn energy recovery linac with Non-Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (NS-FFAG) racetrack. The existing injector and superconducting linac at Cornell University are installed together with a single NS-FFAG arcs and straight section at the opposite side of the the linac to form an Electron Energy Recovery (ERL) system. Electron beam from the 6 MeV injector is injected into the 36 MeV superconducting linac, and accelerated by four successive passes: from 42 MeV up to 150 MeV using the same NS-FFAG structure made of permanent magnets. After the maximum energy of 150 MeV is reached, the electron beam is brought back to the linac with opposite Radio Frequency (RF) phase. Energy is recovered and reduced to the initial value of 6 MeV with 4 additional passes. There are many novelties: a single NS-FFAG structure, made of permanent magnets, brings electrons with four different energies back to the linac. A new adiabatic NS-FFAG arc-to-straight section merges 4 separated orbits into a single orbit in the straight section.

Slides TUOCB3 [41.888 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUOCB3

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TUPAB003

High Energy Density Irradiation With MAMI LINAC

1296

P. Heil, K. Aulenbacher, Th. Beiser
IKP, Mainz, Germany
A. Ignatenko, G.A. Moortgat-Pick, A. Ushakov
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
S. Riemann
DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany

In order to build a positron source for the ILC, a high energy density irradiation is needed to test the used materials. At the MAMI linear accelerator such a radiation can be provided at different electron energies. With a macro pulsed source it is possible to imitate a yearlong radiation at the ILC within several hours. Small transversal beam sizes need to be provided with the focusing system and be measured at high beam currents using transition radiation and current measurements.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB003

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TUPAB004

Progress of 7-GeV SuperKEKB Injector Linac Upgrade and Commissioning

1300

K. Furukawa, M. Akemoto, D.A. Arakawa, Y. Arakida, H. Ego, A. Enomoto, Y. Enomoto, S. Fukuda, Y. Funahashi, T. Higo, H. Honma, N. Iida, M. Ikeda, H. Kaji, K. Kakihara, T. Kamitani, H. Katagiri, M. Kawamura, M. Kurashina, S. Matsumoto, T. Matsumoto, H. Matsushita, S. Michizono, K. Mikawa, T. Miura, F. Miyahara, H. Nakajima, K. Nakao, T. Natsui, M. Nishida, Y. Ogawa, Y. Ohnishi, S. Ohsawa, F. Qiu, I. Satake, D. Satoh, M. Satoh, Y. Seimiya, A. Shirakawa, H. Sugimoto, H. Sugimura, T. Suwada, T. Takatomi, T. Takenaka, M. Tanaka, N. Toge, Y. Yano, K. Yokoyama, M. Yoshida, R. Zhang, X. Zhou
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

KEK injector linac has delivered electrons and positrons for particle physics and photon science experiments for more than 30 years. It is being upgraded for the SuperKEKB project, which aims at a 40-fold increase in luminosity over the previous project KEKB, in order to increase our understanding of new physics beyond the standard model of elementary particle physics. SuperKEKB asymmetric electron and positron collider with its extremely high luminosity requires a high current, low emittance and low energy spread injection beam from the injector. Electron beams will be generated by a new type of RF gun, that will provide a much higher beam current to correspond to a large stored beam current and a short lifetime in the ring. The positron source is another major challenge that enhances the positron bunch intensity from 1 to 4 nC by increasing the positron capture efficiency, and the positron beam emittance is reduced from 2000 micron to 20 micron in the vertical plane by introducing a damping ring, followed by the bunch compressor and energy compressor. The recent status of the upgrade and beam commissioning is reported.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB004

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TUPAB005

Investigation of Beam Variation and Emittance Growth Simulation With Both Misalignments and the Beam Jitter for SuperKEKB Injector Linac

1304

Y. Seimiya, K. Furukawa, T. Higo, F. Miyahara, M. Satoh, T. Suwada
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Funding: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16K17545.
The SuperKEKB is e⁺/e⁻ circular collider for high luminosity, 8Â¥times10³⁵ as a target value. For the high luminosity, the injector linac is required to transport low emittance high-charged electron beam and positron beam to the ring. A charged beam with an offset from a center of cavity is affected by the wakefield depending on both the offset size in the cavity and longitudinal particle position in the beam. The wakefield causes emittance growth. This growth can be suppressed by appropriate orbit control so as to cancel the wakefield effect of the cavities in total. On the other hands, the beam variation in 6-dimensional phase space also induces the emittance growth. Emittance growth by both misalignments and 6-dimensional beam jitter was evaluated by particle tracking simulation. Investigation of beam jitter and drift was also performed by correlation analysis between beam position and measured parameter, charge or temperature.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB005

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TUPAB008

CEPC Linac Design and Beam Dynamics

1315

C. Meng, Y.L. Chi, X.P. Li, G. Pei, S. Pei, D. Wang, J.R. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC) is a 100 km ring e⁺ e⁻ collider for a Higgs factory, which is organized and led by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in collaboration with a number of institutions from various countries. The linac of CEPC is a normal con-ducting S-band linac with frequency in 2856.75 MHz and provide electron and positron beam at an energy up to 10 GeV with bunch charge in 1.0 nC and repetition frequency in 100 Hz. The linac scheme will be detailed discussed in this paper, including electron bunching system, positron source design, and main linac. Positrons are generated using a 4 GeV electron beam with bunch charge 10 nC hit tungsten target and the positron source design are presented. The beam dynamic results with longitudinal short Wakefield, transverse Wakefield and errors are presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB008

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TUPAB010

High-Gradient Breakdown Studies of X-Band Choke-Mode Structures

1322

SUSPSIK005

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

X.W. Wu, H.B. Chen, J. Shi, H. Zha
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
T. Abe, T. Higo, S. Matsumoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

As an alternative design for Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) main accelerating structures, X-band choke-mode damped structures had been studied for several years. However, the performance of choke-mode cavity under high power is still in lack of research. Two standing-wave single-cell choke-mode damped accelerating structures working at 11.424 GHz and one reference structure without choke were designed, manufactured, low-power measured, and tuned by accelerator group at Tsinghua University. High-power test had been done on them to study the breakdown phenomenon in high gradient and how the choke affects high-gradient properties. A max gradient of 75 MV/m were achieved by the choke-mode structure and the choke breakdown limited further increasing of the gradient. Inner surface inspection of the choke-mode structures indicates that the axial part of the choke limits the performance of the structure. Based on this observation, three new choke-mode structures were designed and being manufactured.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB010

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TUPAB011

Beam Dynamics Simulation in Two Versions of New Photogun for FCC-ee Electron Injector Linac

1326

S.M. Polozov, T.V. Bondarenko
MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

New high-energy frontier project FCC is now under development at CERN. The project includes three modes: ee, hh and eh interactions for FCC. New injection system for FCC-ee is planned to consist of new ~ 2-14 GeV electron linac and electron-positron converter. Injector linac should provide two regimes: ~250 pC bunches for injection and ~6 nC bunches for e⁻/e⁺ conversion. Two possible schemes of photogun are comprised and results of beam dynamics simulation in both FCC-ee injection linac photoguns are discussed.

DOI •

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TUPAB014

Preliminary Design of FCC-ee Pre-Injector Complex

1337

SUSPSIK006

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

S. Ogur, Y. Papaphilippou, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A.M. Barnyakov, A.E. Levichev, D.A. Nikiforov
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
K. Furukawa, N. Iida, F. Miyahara, K. Oide
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The design of a 100 km circular e⁺e⁻ collider with extremely high luminosity is an important component of the global Future Circular Collider (FCC) study hosted by CERN. FCC-ee is being designed to serve as Z, W, H and top factory, covering beam energies from 45.6 to 175 GeV. For the injectors, the Z-operation is the most challenging mode, due to the high total charge and low equilibrium emittance in the collider at this energy. Thus, fulfilling the Z-mode will also meet the demands for all other modes of FCC-ee. This goal can be achieved by using a 6 GeV NC linac with an S-band RF frequency of 2.856 GHz and a repetition rate of 100 Hz. This linac will accelerate two bunches per RF pulse, each with a charge of 6.5 nC. Positrons will be generated by sending 4.46 GeV e^- onto a hybrid target so that the e⁺ created can still be accelerated to 1.54 GeV in the remaining part of the same linac. The emittance of the e⁺ beam will then shrink to the nm level in a 1.54 GeV damping ring. After damping, the e⁺ will be reinjected into the linac and accelerated to 6 GeV. The e^- and e⁺ will then be accelerated alternately to 45.6 GeV in the booster, before they are injected into the collider.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB014

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