This paper focuses on the R&D performed for the development of permanent magnets-based dipoles-quadrupoles combined function magnets (PMQs) for the future NSLSII upgrade “complex bend” lattice (CB). This new lattice uses PMQs that provide both bending (dipole) and strong focusing (quadrupole) magnetic field on the electron beam. The permanent magnet (PM) technology is suitable for the high magnetic field strengths (0.5 T, 130 T/m) required for such combine function magnets. PM technology leads to a compact magnet design that is essential in realizing the complex bend lattice concept, as well as a passive magnet solution which does not require electrical power supply reducing power consumption by ~ 80% (from 1.7 MW to 0.3 MW for NSLS-II). Two PMQs magnets designs are under consideration: A hybrid design that use both PM and soft iron poles, and Halbach type that is a pure PM design. Both PMQs designs present challenges in achieving the specified magnetic field quality due to their higher sensitivity to errors (mechanical tolerances and PM properties). This paper presents cost-effective designs and prototypes results for hybrid and Halbach PMQs, addressing various technical challenges while meeting the field requirements of the complex bend lattice for the NSLS-II upgrade.

Understanding synchrotron induced gas desorption plays an important role in predicting vacuum behavior of accelerators. Investigations of new materials and coatings require careful study of their desorption yield for potential use in upgrading NSLS-II as well as other accelerator facilities. A beamline at NSLS-II, dedicated to the study of novel and proposed vacuum materials has been constructed and commissioned to advance further research into desorption behavior. The PSD of stainless steel, OFHC copper and NEG coated copper, some of which for use in the future Electron-Ion Collider at BNL, have been measured and will be presented. These newly established desorption rates will be used as inputs to advanced modeling tools such as MolFlow+ and SynRad+ for accurate predictions of vacuum behavior and design optimization. The existing layout and future plans for the beamline will be presented.