CoSAXS is a multipurpose SAXS instrument located at the 3 GeV ring of MAX IV Laboratory in Sweden. This instrument provides a versatile platform for conducting Small-Angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments on a wide range of research fields. With an extensive pool of sample environments, CoSAXS enables the application of multiple techniques and complex experiments on solid and solution samples. To accomodate the high demand and facilitate the rapid exchange of sample setups, a standardized mounting system has been implemented and additive manufacturing techniques are utilized for fast and efficient prototyping and production of customized sample holders. Furthermore, CoSAXS is equipped with advanced sample environments, such as the setup for milliseconds Time-Resolved SAXS-WAXS experiments in solution (TR-XSS). Among other studies it has been used in non-reversible protein reactions after laser activation of caged compounds.

This paper presents the mechanical design of a new imaging system developed at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) to improve setup efficiency while maintaining high-quality imaging performances. We designed an in-vacuum setup for imaging both the focal spot of a laser and the targets themselves. The system integrates high-resolution optics, remote positioning relative to the interaction point and control system. It supports spot sizes from 2 to 600 µm and spatial resolutions down to 1 µm. Using kinematic mounting features, we ensured repeatability of internal components positioning and user-friendly way when modifications are needed. The system is versatile as it accommodates different laser wavelengths, it can function as a confocal imager for precise target positioning and its compactness allows it to fit in various experimental geometries. Additionally, the system includes vacuum-compatible, adjustable wavelength filtering and attenuation that maintain optical alignment. Finally, a shutter protects the high-resolution optics from target debris while the whole imager is fully retractable to further clear the target area.

In a well-known European free-electron laser facility (SwissFEL)$*$, a new branch(ARAMIS 3) of the beam line delivers hard X-ray to the CRISTALLINA experimental hutch. CRISTALINA-Q station inside, intends to investigate advanced materials focused on specific Quantum materials (QM) structures and processes. Two new heavy load dedicated Diffractometers (Dm)$**$ have been developed. They are heavy load precision machines which, through adequate techniques and instruments, under extreme conditions (temp, press, rad), working in tandem are expected to fastly advance the investigations. The first(CrQ-Dm1) is manipulating a large-size (h=2.5m) cryo-magnet (1t, 5.2T, -10mK) and the second one(CrQ-Dm2) a smaller pulse-magnet (0.6t, 50T, 30 rate) sample instruments. They are able to perform most of the investigations in horizontal scattering, but not only. From flexibility and versatility reasons, Dm(s) have been conceived with similar configurations, having each a high level of compatibility inside & outside, however exhibiting some distinct differences. The kinematic, design, simulations and precision principles applied, together with challenging aspects and results of tests are presented.

In this poster insights are given on some examples of 2025 Upgrades and Experimental Setups at the MID instrument of European XFEL. The latest design and implementation status of MID Multi-Purpose Chamber (MPC-2) Project are reported. This represents a set of upgrades and ongoing development of MID instrumentation, as well as the evolution of the current multi-purpose chamber, which has been successfully used at MID since the first experiments in 2019. The aim is to enable new types of scientific experiments and to expand the current capabilities. The MPC-2 Project includes: MPC-2 VESSEL Upgrade. We indicate here the most recent concept design status. MPC-2 INTERIOR Upgrade (MPC-2_IU). This consists of the following assemblies represented here: Bread-board Assembly, Laser In-coupling 2 (LIC-2), 2-theta Circle. Another aim of the MPC_2 Project is to make operation of experiments easier with better access to sample environments (Pulsed Magnet (PUMA), Cryostat, Fast Solid Sample Scanner (FSSS), Diffractometer, Liquid Injector), and possibilities to install new ancillary equipment included in the MPC-2 INTERIOR Upgrade. Reported are also examples of last recent EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS, continuing in the direction of simultaneous multi-detector-use.

Knowledge of X-ray beam polarisation on a synchrotron beamline is essential, not only for characterising the undulator performance, but also for precise analysis of dichroic and chiral experiments. The upgraded high-precision soft X-ray polarimeter at Diamond Light Source features multiple retarder adjusters to allow precise concentricity and angular alignment to the analyser. An offline alignment procedure has been developed, achieving 69 µm horizontal and 17 µm vertical concentricity alignment, as well as 4 µrad yaw and 9 µrad pitch alignment. Compared to the original version of the instrument, the vertical concentricity alignment improved by 14× and the pitch alignment improved by 18× $*$. The procedure uses a laser diode to mimic the X-ray beam and a hexapod to align the analyser. Concentricity alignment relies on monitoring the intensity as the laser beam is cropped by plane mirrors on the retarder and analyser stages. Angular alignment is achieved by measuring the retarder and analyser rotation vectors using an autocollimator. The improved alignment allows the polarimeter to meet the stringent requirements for complete polarisation measurement above 1 keV.

The Time-Resolved X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (TR-XPES) experimental station at the Soft X-ray Port - SXP Scientific Instrument of the European XFEL has been developed to perform femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy experiments on solids. The SXP Scientific Instrument opens new scientific opportunities for fs TR-XPES, including core level photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoelectron diffraction in forward scattering (XPD), and increased probing depth through higher electron kinetic energies. To further extend experimental capabilities, a laser-based High Harmonic Generation (HHG) source is under development. HHG pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) range up to 70 eV will be generated using a 1030 nm pump laser with 200 μJ pulse energy at a nominal 334 kHz repetition rate. This photon energy range will enable to perform measurements more surface sensitive and allow to study of shallow core levels with high fidelity and the measurement of valence band dispersion with high angular precision. This contribution describes the mechanical design, key technological developments, implementation, and current status of the HHG source at the SXP Instrument.

Slope errors on X-ray optics create distortions in the reflected or diffracted X-ray wavefront and reduce energy resolution. This study addresses this challenge by demonstrating a precise and adaptable method for tuning the geometry of liquid nitrogen (LN2)-cooled silicon crystals, with the goal of achieving zero slope errors under specified input power conditions. The findings reveal that an optimal temperature minimizes thermal distortion and slope errors at the X-ray beam footprint. By establishing a straightforward engineering approach to achieve this temperature, the study provides a practical solution for manipulating silicon crystal geometry. This technique ensures minimal slope errors across a broad energy spectrum, enhancing beamline performance and energy resolution. This work overcomes a longstanding limitation in particle accelerator beamlines, where conventional approaches relied on extensive cooling to mitigate thermal effects. The proposed methodology not only improves operational efficiency but also offers a versatile tool for fine-tuning crystal behavior in response to varying energy demands.

ALS-U stability and alignment requirements coupled with tight space constraints present in the existing ALS have driven a new design for the storage ring support and alignment system. A prototype has been built and tested with alignment accuracy results in the 30 micron range and stability results in the 35 nm range. The new design overcomes distinct ergonomic challenges and reliability failures of earlier hardware iterations. The prototype has also been tested to an alignment time requirement that is necessary to minimize dark time--the phase of the program when alignment of the storage ring will occur. This paper presents the innovative solutions implemented on the alignment system prototype to address the unique problems of ALS-U.

This paper presents the latest photoinjector gun developed for the Short Pulse Facility (SPF) at MAX IV. The focus is on the mechanical design, which has been optimized around a simulated RF internal volume to ensure high performance and precision. Key areas of investigation include RF tuning strategies, thermal management via integrated internal cooling channels, and the challenges encountered during manufacturing and assembly, along with the corresponding engineering solutions. Design enhancements introduced throughout development are highlighted to provide insights into technical progress and practical experience. Potential future improvements are also discussed, targeting further optimization of performance, efficiency, and long-term operational reliability.

The Shanghai High repetition rate XFEL and Extreme light facility (SHINE) is under construction and aims at generating X-rays between 0.4 and 25 keV with three FEL beamlines at repetition rates of up to 1 MHz [1-3]. The three FEL beamlines of the SHINE are referred to as the FEL-I, FEL-II, and FEL-III. Shanghai Advanced Research Institute(SARI) will manufacture 14 double-period undulators for the FEL-II. The double-period undulator is equipped with two rows of magnetic array of different period lengths on the same girder, and magnetic force compensation is achieved by translating the upper and lower magnetic array with a certain longitudinal offset. A double-period undulator prototype has been developed by SARI. This paper describes the design, simulation, and measurement results of mechanical system.

As part of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) Project, all 72 beamlines needed to undergo alignment to the new storage ring installation. Prior to beginning the alignment efforts, beamline geometry files were to identify the location of components with respect to the beam source. For new beamline installations, the remaining process was simpler. New components were fiducialized in a lab, along with their support tables. Tables were then installed and aligned to the beamline geometry configuration and a final report was generated for approval. However, for existing beamlines, the process was more intricate. Fiducial records dating back to 1996 were used to generate fiducial files. However, some information was lost over the years. In response, new techniques were implemented to fiducialize components missing records in-situ to avoid removing components from the beamline. Existing component positions were measured with respect to the new source, then realigned. A report of pre-alignment and a report of realignment were generated for approval. All beamlines have undergone realignment in one year timeline and successfully gone through commissioning process.

In the frame of the LEAPS-Innov pilot project, the ESRF together with ALBA, Soleil, PTB and HZB have developed a position measuring system based on fibered laser interferometers and beam steering mirrors that track the position of the object to be measured thanks to a closed loop control system. The global objective is to measure the position of objects moving in a plane along 3 degrees of freedom (2 translations and one rotation), with a typical range of a few millimeters and a few tens of degrees and with a repeatability of 10 nanometers. This system could typically be used for measuring sample position in experimental stations. The project was divided in 2 parts, the first one being dedicated to the characterization of periodic non linearities of commercially available fibered interferometers by all project partners and continued with the design and construction of a 3 axes prototype system at ESRF. I will present the results of the interferometers characterization, the design of the mechanical, optical and control systems used to implement this prototype and the experimental results obtained.

The Precision Metrology Laboratory (PML) at Diamond Light Source provides an ultra-stable environment and specialist instrumentation to perform micro- and nano-scale dimensional metrology to support beamline operation. The lab enclosure is actively stabilised to 10 mK RMS in temperature and 0.5 %RH RMS in humidity. Under these conditions, sub-nm displacements have been measured using capacitive sensor and linear interferometers, and sub-nrad angles have been measured using autocollimator and angle interferometers$*$. Such measurement capabilities are required to characterise and enhance the performance of positioning systems for sample, optics, and detectors on the beamlines. This philosophy has frequently helped to identify faults prior to installation, including misalignments, parasitic motion errors, and controller issues, thereby saving a significant amount of X-ray commissioning time. Increasingly, the PML is involved in the prototyping of new beamline components that are beyond the production limits of commercial suppliers. Metrology data is routinely used to guide Engineering design decisions, following the mechatronics principle.

Deterministic polishing of X-ray mirror for synchrotron light and XFEL sources requires metrology instruments capable of accurately measuring optics with slope errors < 50 nrad RMS and height errors < 1 nm peak-to-valley. To improve the performance of the Diamond-VeNOM slope profiler [\*], we have developed an ultra-stable, 3-axis rotation stage [\**] to orient the mirror under test. The goniometer employs a spherical air-bearing, actuated by three piezo-walkers via flexure struts. This combination provides high stiffness, zero friction, and minimal parasitic errors. Linear interferometers provide positional feedback to the piezo actuators for fast, closed-loop control of 3D angles. Temperature controllers and forced air stabilisation minimise thermal drifts. FEA and dynamic model-ling optimised all components via mechatronic principles. The goniometer can accommodate X-ray mirrors up to 500 mm long and 10 kg in mass. It has an angular range of ± 10 mrad in 3 orthogonal directions, a minimal incremental step of < 100 nrad, and thermal drift of ~ 100 nrad over 30 minutes. Shielding of heat sources reduces air turbulence for probing autocollimators or laser beams. The system is controllable via EPICS to enable dynamical synchronisation with other motion stages and detectors

The beam orbit or effective emittance is correlated with the mechanical vibrations of quadrupole magnets. To mitigate the impact of vibrations on beam orbit stability, active vibration isolation platforms can be employed to enhance the stability of magnets and other components. This paper presents an active vibration isolation system based on the inverse piezoelectric effect, combined with a feedforward control algorithm to improve the positional stability of the magnets. This vibration isolation system has been deployed in batches in the SHINE project. Test results demonstrate that the active vibration isolation system achieves over 50% displacement attenuation, facilitating beam tuning and indicating that this control strategy holds significant potential for broader application in linear accelerator construction.

Multilayer monochromators are commonly employed in photon hungry synchrotron beamlines to deliver intense, monochromatic X-ray beams. We present the design, validation, and beamline integration of a high-stability, high energy (20-70keV) double multilayer monochromator developed for the Structural Dynamics Beamline (SDB) at HEPS. The system features a novel flexure-based architecture, optimized via finite element analysis (FEA), to significantly enhance stiffness, particularly in the roll direction of the Bragg axis. A monolithic flexure mechanism is employed for pitch and gap adjustment of the second multilayer, improving mechanical integrity and stability. A special gravity-driven water cooling system, coupled with a unique indium-gallium interface for clamping and thermal contact, was developed to suppress vibrational disturbances. FEA simulations and experimental validation confirmed a clamping-induced deformation below 69 nrad RMS. A vibration level as low as 5 nrad under cooling was measured by laser interferometry. The system has been successfully installed and tested with synchrotron beam, meeting requirements of the beamline.

New high-resolution X-ray beamlines demand reflective optics with higher surface profile accuracy to achieve diffraction-limited focusing. This necessitates advanced metrology instruments capable of delivering repeatable measurements in the nanometer to sub-nanometer range. Slope ranges exceeding 15 mrad (0.86°) and greater pose significant challenges for mirror metrology using conventional interferometric methods especially on shorter mirrors with low radius of curvature (<20 m). To address this, we present a new Relative Angle Determinable Stitching Interferometry (RADSI) instrument featuring a parallel flexure-based mechanical design. This approach enhances vibration and thermal stability while maintaining a compact and lightweight system. Initial measurements of a cylindrical mirror with a 16 m radius of curvature and a slope range of 5 mrad demonstrate nanometer-level repeatability. Comprehensive system characterization suggests the potential for achieving sub-nanometer repeatability with further refinement to the instrument.