SAPOTI is the second nanoprobe at the CARNAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) beamline at the 4th-generation light source Sirius/LNLS. Working from 2.05 to 15 keV, it relies on simultaneous multi-analytical X-ray techniques (absorption, diffraction, spectroscopy, fluorescence and luminescence) and imaging in 2D and 3D. It has been designed for highly-stable fully-coherent beam sizes from 30 to 120nm, and monochromatic flux up to 1e11ph/s/100mA/0.01%BW after an achromatic KB (Kirkpatrick-Baez) focusing optics. Moreover, a new in-vacuum high-performance cryogenic sample stage has been developed aiming at single-nanometer resolution images. The nanoprobe is now successfully installed and technical commissioning is underway. The focus of this work is two-fold. Firstly, it highlights the system integration results at the beamline, namely: overall thermo-mechanical performance of the KB mirrors and sample stage. And, finally, it showcases the instrument’s technical commissioning results, namely: KB alignment and focus stability, and initial fly-scan potential for ptychography and absorption imaging.

X-ray microscopy is a mature characterization tool routinely used to investigate diverse material questions of science, technology, and engineering. The high penetration power of X-rays allows the utilization of different characterization methods and reveals elemental composition, crystalline phases, strain distribution, oxidation states, etc. in macroscopic and microscopic samples. Full-field and scanning X-ray microscopes serve similar scientific purposes but prvoide technical capabilities that complement each other. In recent years, a number of X-ray microscopy systems have been designed, constructed, and commissioned at NSLS-II. During the presentation, we will provide a technical overview of recently designed microscopy instruments. It will include the design details of the Multilayer Laue Lens-based nanoprobe optimized for ~10 nm spatial resolution imaging, its current status, and future upgrades$*$,$**$ ; the zoneplate-based full-field imaging system capable of 1-minute nano-tomography measurements$***$ ; and a new Kirkpatrick-Baez based scanning microscope designed for ~200 nm spatial resolution experiments $****$.

The National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center operates two beamlines, 12B2 and 12XU, at the Super Photon ring-8 GeV. The SPring-8 II significant improvements in beam properties such as coherence, stability, and intensity are expected. NSRRC has initiated the construction of a Coherent Diffractive Imaging endstation on beamline 12XU. This endstation consists of two main subsystems: zone plate-based X-ray microscope and detector assembly. The microscope is mounted on a granite base to ensure mechanical stability and to minimize vibrational and thermal disturbances. The zone plate-based microscope comprises beam stopper, zone plate optic, optical stop aperture, and sample positioning stage. Each module is equipped with an independent XYZ piezo-driven translation stage. To further mitigate thermal drift and ensure dimensional stability, the stage bases are constructed from Invar alloy, which offers low thermal expansion characteristics critical to maintaining optical alignment over extended experimental durations. The detector system is mounted on a precision linear guideway allowing for fine adjustments of the distance to optimize image resolution and experimental flexibility.

In a well-known European free-electron laser facility (SwissFEL)$*$, a new branch(ARAMIS 3) of the beam line delivers hard X-ray to the CRISTALLINA experimental hutch. CRISTALINA-Q station inside, intends to investigate advanced materials focused on specific Quantum materials (QM) structures and processes. Two new heavy load dedicated Diffractometers (Dm)$**$ have been developed. They are heavy load precision machines which, through adequate techniques and instruments, under extreme conditions (temp, press, rad), working in tandem are expected to fastly advance the investigations. The first(CrQ-Dm1) is manipulating a large-size (h=2.5m) cryo-magnet (1t, 5.2T, -10mK) and the second one(CrQ-Dm2) a smaller pulse-magnet (0.6t, 50T, 30 rate) sample instruments. They are able to perform most of the investigations in horizontal scattering, but not only. From flexibility and versatility reasons, Dm(s) have been conceived with similar configurations, having each a high level of compatibility inside & outside, however exhibiting some distinct differences. The kinematic, design, simulations and precision principles applied, together with challenging aspects and results of tests are presented.

A new hard x-ray fluorescence (XRF) nanoprobe in-strument called Bionanoprobe-II (BNP-II) has been designed and will be constructed at 2-ID-D of the up-graded Advanced Photon Source. BNP-II will take ad-vantage of the orders-of-magnitude increase in bright-ness and coherent flux with advanced sample scanning, metrology, cryogenics, and controls. These advancements will enable high-throughput XRF imaging under cryogenic conditions with 10 nm spatial resolution, 2D survey of mm-sized samples, and fast tomography for 3D visualization. BNP-II also introduces a novel robotic sample transfer system that interconnects a cryogenic plasma focused ion beam (cryo-PFIB) milling station alongside the x-ray nanoprobe. The interconnected instruments enable an iterative workflow between x-ray measurements and cryo-PFIB milling and maintains the integrity of vitrified samples by remaining below 110 K even during transfer. Regions of interest can be identified by fast large-area scans, after which the sample geometry can be optimized for nanoscale x-ray imaging and tomography. This work details the engineering advancements required to examine highly complex, multidimensional systems with BNP-II.

Siam photon source-II (SPS-II) is a new synchrotron facility that is going to be built in Thailand. There are seven beamlines to be constructed together with the new machine. These consist of one soft X-ray beamline, two X-ray absorption beamlines, three X-ray scattering beamlines and one imaging beamline in the lineups. The designs and the selections of insertion devices, front end and beamline components will be presented together with the optical simulation results and the considerations for thermal load management using the combination of front-end components, filters, white/pink beam slits and mirrors along each beamline. New experimental station equipment and the existing equipment from the current Thai synchrotron facility (Siam Photon Source-I) that will be transferred to SPS-II will also be discussed.

A new Beam Conditioning Unit (BCU) has been developed for the MicroMAX beamline at MaxIV to condition the beam between the KB mirrors and the sample. It includes two XBPMs, a set of slits, a rotating chopper, a fast shutter and a linear attenuator, all on piezo driven stages. MicroMAX has a close collaboration with the BioMAX beamline, to simplify future work the same fastening rail system, with the same distance from rail to beam was chosen. To protect the XBPMs from oxygen but still allow for some heat transfer through convection, the chamber is filled with a low-pressure helium environment.

In 2018, a new Nanoprobe system was installed and validated on the SWING beamline (Synchrotron SOLEIL) for 2D-nano-ptychography with an expected imaging resolution of 40 nm. The setup had been designed to be portable and capable of handling multiscale sample-sizes (from micrometer to hundreds of a micrometer). This system was then successively upgraded to allow for 2D-imaging resolutions of 20 nm, and 3D-nano-tomo-ptychography imaging with spatial resolutions of 50 nm. The end-station is composed of: a sample stage (5DOF), an optical stage comprised of a central stop and a Fresnel zone plate optical (3DOF), an order sorting aperture stage (3DOF). All positioning stages comprise piezo-driven actuators, of which synchronized control (with kinematic modelling) is done using the SOLEIL Delta Tau platform. In addition, fibber interferometry feedback was used for image reconstruction purposes. After the last improvements in 2023, imaging results show that the system can resolve 3D-images with a spatial resolution of 31 nm using a teeth sample (18h of acquisition). This contribution will present an overview of the mechanical design concepts and solutions adopted for the Nanoprobe project.

Recent developments on the Spherical Grating Monochromator (SGM) beamline at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) have significantly enhanced its capabilities, particularly through the integration of a vacuum-compatible Physik Instrumente hexapod (H-811.I2V) and the implementation of Bluesky data acquisition software. These upgrades have facilitated the transition from traditional X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) measurements to advanced spectromicroscopy techniques. The hexapod allows for sub-micron scale sample manipulation, enabling high-resolution imaging with a 20 mm × 15 mm field of view. Additionally, the modelling of the Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror system for adaptive focusing has further optimized the beamline's performance providing a beam spot size of less than 10 µm². These developments have not only significantly improved the beamline's capabilities for environmental and catalytic material studies, but also increased the data quality for all routine spectroscopy measurements conducted on the beamline.

As part of the BESSY II+ * upgrade, the new SoTeXS (Soft-to-Tender X-ray Spectroscopy) beamline will enable high-precision, high-throughput studies of battery materials in the 0.5–5 keV energy range. At the endstation, battery cells with varying material combinations will undergo charging and discharging phases while being exposed to the beam. To ensure that, variations in the measurements are attributable to changes within the cells rather than fluctuations in beam properties, a rapid diagnostics procedure will be implemented. This procedure will monitor beam performance in between the battery measurements. This includes measurement of key parameters such as photon flux, energy resolution, and beam focus. The system combines a retractable ionization chamber for energy resolution measurements and a camera-based setup using OpenCV and ChArUco markers for determining beam spot size and position**. These tools allow beam performance monitoring between sample loading cycles and represent an advance over commissioning-only diagnostics on current BESSY II beamlines. This paper presents the technical requirements of the SoTeXS beamline and a selection of potential diagnostic tools.

The NOTOS beamline at ALBA combines X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) experiments, operating in the 4.5-30 keV range. Since 2022, it has offered two end stations (ES): one for metrology and XAS, and another combining XAS and XRD. To overcome the current 100×100 µm² spot size limitation, we present a third microfocus ES (µFo-ES), planned for commissioning by the end of 2025. It will provide spot sizes below 10×10 µm² with a flux >7.3·10¹³ ph/s/mm², enabling XAS in fluorescence and transmission. It uses the existing optics plus a pair of Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirrors working under high vacuum. The KB positioning system is based on an in-housed developed design and the mirrors will be elliptically bent using ALBA mirror benders with sub-nanometric resolution. High-precision slits placed upstream the KB will ensure beam size, collimation, and diagnostics. The µFo-ES will integrate a compact sample environment including a ionization chamber, on-axis camera, and a fluorescence detector for variable incident angles. To ensure compatibility with downstream ES and prevent photon flux loss, the µFo-ES has been designed to be fully retractable from the beam path.

The PETRA IV project involves the refurbishment of the 2.3 km PETRA accelerator to accommodate almost 40 beamlines. It also includes the conversion and construction of numerous buildings, including a large experimental hall, with first light planned for 2032. To support planning and design with a model-based approach, a comprehensive, integrated CAD model has been set up. The model comprises civil infrastructure, the accelerator, beamlines, and infrastructure systems. Serving as a single source of truth, it supports a diverse project team, including civil and mechanical engineers, beamline scientists, and other stakeholders, each with different technical backgrounds and needs. The fully integrated CAD model is tied to systems engineering processes like requirements management, and supports collaboration across disciplines. Multiple levels of abstraction, a structured hierarchy, and explicit modelling of interfaces help bridge communication gaps. They also reduce redundant work and minimize design errors, all critical for efficient design in collaboration.

In synchrotron light sources, electromagnets are used to bend and accelerate electron beams. In 4th generation sources, the electron beam can fit in smaller bore accelerators, allowing the use of permanent magnets, which have many advantages over electromagnets. This poster focuses on the mechanical design, fabrication and testing of two compact permanent magnet systems, which have a 1:5 magnet to metal volume ratio. The first is a dipole-quadrupole magnet assembly, providing a 1 T dipole + 50 T/m quadrupole field to steer the electron. The second is an assembly to adjust a set of tuner and corrector permanent magnets. Regardless of the magnetic forces involved, the tuner magnets can rotate simultaneously and provide a +/- 1 T/m quadrupole field for in situ quadrupole focusing strength adjustments, while corrector magnets can be oriented into a prescribed configuration to compensate for small field errors. Prototypes for the dipole-quadrupole, tuner and corrector holders were manufactured and tested, validating the conceptual design.

Hefei Advanced Light Source (HALF) is a diffraction-limited light source in the soft X-ray range. It provides a powerful tool for nano-focusing, ultra-high spectral-resolution power experiments and applications. To fully utilize the source characteristics, beamline mirrors and manipulators require high accuracy and stability. In phase I, 10 beamlines will be built, requiring dozens of mirrors with different shapes, sizes, and working conditions to achieve high-fidelity transmission, collimation and focusing, which can be divided into three categories: The first mirror of each beamline, with fixed-shape that needs water cooling, due to absorb high heat load and deflect the beam; The fixed-shape mirror without water cooling for beam transmission, focusing and collimation; The bendable mirrors for KB focusing systems. In this paper, the manipulator for each kind of mirror with high stability is proposed. A universal mirror system with a three-point support structure is developed to hold different manipulators and provide fine-tuning for Height, Roll, and Yaw. Prototype design and preliminary test results are also presented.

Mechanical benders are classical instruments for shaping X-ray mirror surfaces with high precision. A circular flexure bender has been developed at SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) for a 1200 mm-long hard X-ray mirror with an effective optical length of 1000 mm. Elliptical bending in the tangential direction is achieved using two actuators equipped with high-precision load cells, transmitting torque through circular flexure hinges at both ends of the mirror. The mirror is oriented to reflect vertically and faces upward, requiring consideration of gravitational deformation. Slope profilometry measurements using a Long Trace Profiler (LTP) indicate a total slope error of 0.45 µrad RMS, with mechanical error compensating gravity limited to 70 nrad. A liquid-metal-bath water cooling method is integrated to manage thermal loads. Finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to evaluate thermally induced deformation, calculated at 0.2 µrad RMS and corrected to 33 nrad, and to optimize the flexure hinge design. The developed system provides stable, high-precision elliptical bending for long X-ray mirrors and is well adapted for advanced synchrotron radiation beamlines.

As part of the Elettra storage ring upgrade to 4th generation standards, the Nanospectroscopy/nanoESCA beamline is replacing its prefocusing mirror. The new mirror is a 100 mm x 40 mm x 40 mm monocristalline silicon piece, optimized for the maximum heatload produced by the 25 eV horizontal polarity of the beamline's undulators (100.4 mm period, kx = 7.3). This paper presents the layout and strategy followed to ensure a high quality photon delivery as well as and the calculations and the optimization process of the mirror geometry. To minimize the deformations, a notched, top-side cooling design was chosen, with an almost full-illumination of the top surface. The contact length between the cooling circuit and the mirror was optimized shorter than the mirror length, leading to slightly higher temperatures in the mirror extremities, but more preferable heatload-induced slope. Slits positioned before and after the mirror select only the center and least affected portion of the reflected radiation. Additional simulations confirmed that the optimized design performs equally well or better at higher photon energies.

New high-resolution X-ray beamlines demand reflective optics with higher surface profile accuracy to achieve diffraction-limited focusing. This necessitates advanced metrology instruments capable of delivering repeatable measurements in the nanometer to sub-nanometer range. Slope ranges exceeding 15 mrad (0.86°) and greater pose significant challenges for mirror metrology using conventional interferometric methods especially on shorter mirrors with low radius of curvature (<20 m). To address this, we present a new Relative Angle Determinable Stitching Interferometry (RADSI) instrument featuring a parallel flexure-based mechanical design. This approach enhances vibration and thermal stability while maintaining a compact and lightweight system. Initial measurements of a cylindrical mirror with a 16 m radius of curvature and a slope range of 5 mrad demonstrate nanometer-level repeatability. Comprehensive system characterization suggests the potential for achieving sub-nanometer repeatability with further refinement to the instrument.

The copper foil tensioning device is installed at both ends of the magnetic array of the vacuum undulator. One end of the copper foil is connected with the vacuum cavity flange, and the other end is connected with the end face of the magnetic array, which can move three-dimensional with the magnetic array of the undulator. Among them, compression spring, volute spring and torsion spring are the most important parts of the device. Only reasonable spring design parameters can ensure that the device moves with the magnetic array. The elasticity and torque of the three kinds of springs are constantly changing in the process of movement. In this paper, the movement process of the three kinds of springs is simulated and analyzed to ensure that the copper foil will not be stuck or broken in the movement.

The ALBA Synchrotron has recently opened a Nanomotion Laboratory to support the upcoming ALBA II upgrade to a 4th-generation light source. The laboratory is dedicated to research, development, and commissioning of high-performance motion-and-positioning instrumentation, control systems, and synchronisation between components. It is operated as a clean room with particles, humidity, pressure and temperature control, built in the Experimental Hall to benefit from the main slab’s vibration isolation. This work presents the laboratory’s specialised spaces, infrastructure, and capabilities, together with commissioning data that verify the design specifications. We also highlight current collaborations within ALBA and invite external partners to explore joint projects that leverage the laboratory resources.