Shimizu, H.M. JACoW Publishing Geneva, Switzerland High intensity spallation sources are providing opportunities to obtain leading-edge quality data, while new demands of neutron use are emerging not only in the frontier scientific studies but also in practical applications, education of non-specialists, feasibility studies and development of neutron devices. Small- and medium-scale neutron sources have the potential to meet such demands since they offer the on-demand access and long-term occupation of neutron beam. This invited talk presents a review of present activities and facilities, and future prospects of this trend around the world, including the Japan Collaboration on Accelerator-driven Neutron Sources (JCANS).