IPAC2017 - Classification: 06 Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects / T17 Alignment and Survey

Paper	Title	Page
TUPAB088	Wire Position System to Consistently Measure and Record the Location Change of Girders Following Ground Changes	1523
	H. J. Choi, S.Y. Baek, H.-S. Kang, S.H. Kim, H.-G. Lee, S.B. Lee PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	Several parts that comprise the large scientific device should be installed and operated at the accurate three-dimensional location coordinates where they should be subjected to survey and alignment. The location of the aligned parts should not be changed in order to ensure that the electron beam parameters of PAL-XFEL remain stable and can be operated without any problems. As time goes by, however, the ground goes through uplift and subsidence, which consequently deforms building floors. The deformation of the ground and buildings changes the location of several devices including magnets and RF accelerator tubes, which eventually leads to the alignment errors. Once alignment errors occur with regard to these parts, the electron beam deviates from its course and beam parameters change accordingly. PAL-XFEL has installed the Hydrostatic Leveling System to measure and record the vertical change of buildings and ground consistently and systematically and the Wire Position System to measure the two dimensional changes of girders. This paper is designed to introduce the operating principle and design concept of WPS and discuss the current situation regarding installation and operation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB088
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TUPIK042	Solenoid Alignment for the SRF Photoinjector of BERLinPro at HZB	1778
	G. Kourkafas, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, J. Li, J. Völker HZB, Berlin, Germany M. Schebek Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
	The Berlin Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (BERLinPro) at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB) aims to deliver a continuous-wave (cw) electron beam of high average current (100 mA) and brilliance (normalized emittance below 1 mm mrad). The achievement of these demanding goals depends significantly on the performance of the electron source, a superconducting RF (SRF) photoinjector. A critical component for the quality of the generated beam is the superconducting solenoid magnet. In order to optimize its operation and minimize parasitic contributions, special attention has been given to the precise alignment of this element using a hexapod mover. Due to the strict limitations inside a cryostat, a complex coupling between the solenoid in vacuum and the hexapod in air has been realized, requiring sophisticated software and hardware mechanisms to prevent collisions. Along with this setup, the developed beam-based alignment procedure and its performance are demonstrated in this article.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK042
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TUPIK064	Application of Smoothing Analysis in the Alignment and Installation Process of Particle Accelerator	1839
	W. Wang, X.Y. He, L. Lin, F.F. Wu, Q. Zhang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	With the development of technology and theory of particle accelerator, the new particle accelerators will be built in the near future. Comparing with the running accelerators, higher efficiency and accuracy of installation and alignment are required. It is necessary for all the storage ring magnets to be placed with a high relative accuracy to meet the stringent demands of accelerator physics. Smoothing analysis is a practical method considering both relative accuracy and work efficiency. This article mainly introduces the principle and application of smoothing analysis.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK064
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TUPIK065	A Software for Smoothing Magnet Track in Particle Accelerator*	1842
	Q. Zhang, X.Y. He, G. Liu, W. Wang USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
	This article describes a software for smoothing magnet track in particle accelerator. This paper introduces the development process of the software from the aspects of interface design, algorithm analysis, parameter meaning and so on. Magnet track smoothing means that under the conditions of meeting absolute accuracy, if the relative position error of the adjacent magnet is too large, it will cause the loss of beam, we call the track curve is not smooth enough. Smooth analysis can find these magnet components, the curve is smooth after a reasonable ad-justment. The software is based on the least square method. The software is tested by using the data of HLS storage ring, the results meet the needs of the work.
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TUPIK067	Online Monitoring of the ADS Test Cryostat Cold Mass With WPM	1848
	H.Y. Zhu Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China L. Dong, L.L. Men, Z. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China B. Li CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
	Superconducting devices in particle accelerator demand strict operating environment: cryostat with ultra high vacuum and almost absolute zero temperature 2K-4K. This brings a big problem to survey and alignment work: how to preserve the magnets alignment precision in the cryostat, especially after such a big range temperature change. The complicate structure of magnet girder and cryogenic pipes make it difficult to do precise contraction simulation. So wire position monitor (WPM) is designed to measure the device contraction in cryomodule. Accelerator Driven System (ADS) Injector-I is a proton Linac, WPM system was assembled in its first cyomodule TCM. WPM is precisely calibrated, assembled at the same height as magnets. System noise, contraction stability and repeatability are analyzed in detail. Contraction coefficient of girder system is calculated by contraction data and temperature data, the result matches with the thermal coefficient of stainless steel very well. After commissioning, two thermal cycles were recorded, average contraction value was 1.35mm. The commissioning data shows about 0.2mm contraction difference with the same girder structure.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK067
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TUPIK076	Pre-Alignment Techniques Developments and Measurement Results of the Electromagnetic Center of Warm High-Gradient Accelerating Structures	1868
	N. Galindo Munoz, N. Catalán Lasheras CERN, Geneva, Switzerland V.E. Boria DCOM-iTEAM-UPV, Valencia, Spain A. Faus-Golfe IFIC, Valencia, Spain
	Funding: PACMAN is founded under the European Union's 7th Framework Program Marie Curie Actions, grant PITN-GA-2013-606839 In the framework of the PACMAN project we have developed a test set-up to measure the electromagnetic centre of high gradient accelerating structures for alignment purposes. We have demonstrated with previous simulation studies that a resolution of 1 m is possible. The improvements applied on the technique and on the set-up, calibrations and the equipment instrumentation allows the measurement of the electromagnetic centre, with a final precision of 1.09 m in the horizontal plane and 0.58 m in the vertical plane. The experimental measurements and the simulation studies as a support to justify the numbers obtained are presented and discussed.
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TUPIK077	Main Achievements of the PACMAN Project for the Alignment at Micrometric Scale of Accelerator Components	1872
	H. Mainaud Durand, K. Artoos, M.C.L. Buzio, D. Caiazza, N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Cherif, I.P. Doytchinov, J.-F. Fuchs, A. Gaddi, N. Galindo Munoz, J. Gayde, S.W. Kamugasa, M. Modena, P. Novotny, S. Russenschuck, C. Sanz, G. Severino, D. Tshilumba, V. Vlachakis, M. Wendt, S. Zorzetti CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Faus-Golfe LAL, Orsay, France
	Funding: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's 7th Framework Programme Marie Curie actions, grant agreement PITN-GA-2013-606839. The objectives of the PACMAN* project are to improve the precision and accuracy of the alignment of accelerator components. Two steps of alignment are concerned: the fiducialisation, i.e. the determination of the reference axis of components w.r.t alignment targets, and the initial alignment of components on a common support assembly. The main accelerator components considered for the study are quadrupoles, 15 GHz BPM and RF structures from the Compact LInear Collider (CLIC) project. Different methods have been developed to determine the reference axis of these components with a micrometric accuracy, as well as to determine the position of this reference axis in the coordinate frame of the common support assembly. The tools and methods developed have been validated with success on dedicated test setups using CLIC components. This paper will provide a compilation of the main achievements and results obtained. * PACMAN is an acronym for a study on Particle Accelerator Components' Metrology and Alignment to the Nanometre scale.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK077
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TUPIK085	HL-LHC Alignment Requirements and Associated Solutions	1893
	H. Mainaud Durand, S. Bartolome-Jimenez, T. Dijoud, A. Herty, M. Sosin CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Duquenne, V. Rude ESGT-CNAM, Le Mans, France
	To increase by more than 10 times the luminosity reach w.r.t the first 10 years of the LHC lifetime, the HL-LHC project will replace nearly 1.2 km of the accelerator during the Long Shutdown 3 scheduled in 2024 [1][2][3]. This paper presents the HL-LHC alignment and internal metrology requirements of all the new components to be installed, from the magnet components to the beam instrumentation and vacuum devices. As for the LHC, a combination of Hydrostatic Levelling Sensors (HLS) and Wire Positioning Sensors (WPS) is proposed for the alignment of the main components, but on a longer distance (210 m instead of 50 m), generating technical challenges for the installation of the stretched wire and for the maintenance of the alignment systems. Innovative measurements methods and instrumentation are under study to perform the position monitoring inside a cryostat of cold masses and crab cavities, in a cold (2K) and radioactive (1 MGy/year) environment, as well as to carry remote measurements in the tunnel of the intermediary components. The proposed solutions concerning the determination of the position and the re-adjustment of the components are detailed in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK085
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TUPIK098	Micrometric Propagation of Error Using Overlapping Streched Wires for the CLIC Pre-Alignment	1935
	H. Mainaud Durand CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J. Pfingstner University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway V. Rude ESGT-CNAM, Le Mans, France
	The geodetic network for the Compact LInear collider (CLIC) will consist of a combination of overlapping wires stretched in parallel and Wire Positioning Sensors (WPS). Such a configuration will limit the propagation of errors (maximum deviation w.r.t. a fit line) below 10 micrometres over 200 metres. These first results were obtained through simulations in 2009, with hypotheses remaining to be validated. New experimental results have been obtained allowing to reconsider the precision and accuracy of WPS sensors and the knowledge of stretched wires. This paper presents the experimental results obtained on dedicated calibration benches and on a facility made of three overlapping stretched wires over a length of 140 metres including WPS sensors measurements. It confirms the possibility to have a propagation of error below 10 micrometres using overlapping stretched wires combined with WPS sensors.
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TUPIK108	Beam Based Alignment Studies for the CLARA FEL Test Facility	1971
	J.K. Jones, N. Thompson STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The CLARA (Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications) test facility is designed to experimentally demonstrate innovative FEL schemes for future light source applications. Such schemes can place strict requirements on the accelerator beam properties as well as the relative alignment of the beam in the FEL radiators and modulators. Beam-based alignment (BBA) of the FEL section is therefore an operational requirement for all advanced FEL facilities. In this paper we demonstrate results of CLARA BBA simulations, and also report initial simulation results from the use of non-linear algorithms to optimise the FEL performance directly.
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Paper

Title

Page

Wire Position System to Consistently Measure and Record the Location Change of Girders Following Ground Changes

1523

H. J. Choi, S.Y. Baek, H.-S. Kang, S.H. Kim, H.-G. Lee, S.B. Lee
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

Several parts that comprise the large scientific device should be installed and operated at the accurate three-dimensional location coordinates where they should be subjected to survey and alignment. The location of the aligned parts should not be changed in order to ensure that the electron beam parameters of PAL-XFEL remain stable and can be operated without any problems. As time goes by, however, the ground goes through uplift and subsidence, which consequently deforms building floors. The deformation of the ground and buildings changes the location of several devices including magnets and RF accelerator tubes, which eventually leads to the alignment errors. Once alignment errors occur with regard to these parts, the electron beam deviates from its course and beam parameters change accordingly. PAL-XFEL has installed the Hydrostatic Leveling System to measure and record the vertical change of buildings and ground consistently and systematically and the Wire Position System to measure the two dimensional changes of girders. This paper is designed to introduce the operating principle and design concept of WPS and discuss the current situation regarding installation and operation.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPAB088

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TUPIK042

Solenoid Alignment for the SRF Photoinjector of BERLinPro at HZB

1778

G. Kourkafas, A. Jankowiak, T. Kamps, J. Li, J. Völker
HZB, Berlin, Germany
M. Schebek
Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany

The Berlin Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (BERLinPro) at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB) aims to deliver a continuous-wave (cw) electron beam of high average current (100 mA) and brilliance (normalized emittance below 1 mm mrad). The achievement of these demanding goals depends significantly on the performance of the electron source, a superconducting RF (SRF) photoinjector. A critical component for the quality of the generated beam is the superconducting solenoid magnet. In order to optimize its operation and minimize parasitic contributions, special attention has been given to the precise alignment of this element using a hexapod mover. Due to the strict limitations inside a cryostat, a complex coupling between the solenoid in vacuum and the hexapod in air has been realized, requiring sophisticated software and hardware mechanisms to prevent collisions. Along with this setup, the developed beam-based alignment procedure and its performance are demonstrated in this article.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK042

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TUPIK064

Application of Smoothing Analysis in the Alignment and Installation Process of Particle Accelerator

1839

W. Wang, X.Y. He, L. Lin, F.F. Wu, Q. Zhang
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

With the development of technology and theory of particle accelerator, the new particle accelerators will be built in the near future. Comparing with the running accelerators, higher efficiency and accuracy of installation and alignment are required. It is necessary for all the storage ring magnets to be placed with a high relative accuracy to meet the stringent demands of accelerator physics. Smoothing analysis is a practical method considering both relative accuracy and work efficiency. This article mainly introduces the principle and application of smoothing analysis.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK064

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TUPIK065

A Software for Smoothing Magnet Track in Particle Accelerator*

1842

Q. Zhang, X.Y. He, G. Liu, W. Wang
USTC/NSRL, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China

This article describes a software for smoothing magnet track in particle accelerator. This paper introduces the development process of the software from the aspects of interface design, algorithm analysis, parameter meaning and so on. Magnet track smoothing means that under the conditions of meeting absolute accuracy, if the relative position error of the adjacent magnet is too large, it will cause the loss of beam, we call the track curve is not smooth enough. Smooth analysis can find these magnet components, the curve is smooth after a reasonable ad-justment. The software is based on the least square method. The software is tested by using the data of HLS storage ring, the results meet the needs of the work.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK065

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TUPIK067

Online Monitoring of the ADS Test Cryostat Cold Mass With WPM

1848

H.Y. Zhu
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), People's Republic of China
L. Dong, L.L. Men, Z. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
B. Li
CSNS, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China

Superconducting devices in particle accelerator demand strict operating environment: cryostat with ultra high vacuum and almost absolute zero temperature 2K-4K. This brings a big problem to survey and alignment work: how to preserve the magnets alignment precision in the cryostat, especially after such a big range temperature change. The complicate structure of magnet girder and cryogenic pipes make it difficult to do precise contraction simulation. So wire position monitor (WPM) is designed to measure the device contraction in cryomodule. Accelerator Driven System (ADS) Injector-I is a proton Linac, WPM system was assembled in its first cyomodule TCM. WPM is precisely calibrated, assembled at the same height as magnets. System noise, contraction stability and repeatability are analyzed in detail. Contraction coefficient of girder system is calculated by contraction data and temperature data, the result matches with the thermal coefficient of stainless steel very well. After commissioning, two thermal cycles were recorded, average contraction value was 1.35mm. The commissioning data shows about 0.2mm contraction difference with the same girder structure.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK067

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TUPIK076

Pre-Alignment Techniques Developments and Measurement Results of the Electromagnetic Center of Warm High-Gradient Accelerating Structures

1868

N. Galindo Munoz, N. Catalán Lasheras
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
V.E. Boria
DCOM-iTEAM-UPV, Valencia, Spain
A. Faus-Golfe
IFIC, Valencia, Spain

Funding: PACMAN is founded under the European Union's 7th Framework Program Marie Curie Actions, grant PITN-GA-2013-606839
In the framework of the PACMAN project we have developed a test set-up to measure the electromagnetic centre of high gradient accelerating structures for alignment purposes. We have demonstrated with previous simulation studies that a resolution of 1 m is possible. The improvements applied on the technique and on the set-up, calibrations and the equipment instrumentation allows the measurement of the electromagnetic centre, with a final precision of 1.09 m in the horizontal plane and 0.58 m in the vertical plane. The experimental measurements and the simulation studies as a support to justify the numbers obtained are presented and discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK076

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPIK077

Main Achievements of the PACMAN Project for the Alignment at Micrometric Scale of Accelerator Components

1872

H. Mainaud Durand, K. Artoos, M.C.L. Buzio, D. Caiazza, N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Cherif, I.P. Doytchinov, J.-F. Fuchs, A. Gaddi, N. Galindo Munoz, J. Gayde, S.W. Kamugasa, M. Modena, P. Novotny, S. Russenschuck, C. Sanz, G. Severino, D. Tshilumba, V. Vlachakis, M. Wendt, S. Zorzetti
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Faus-Golfe
LAL, Orsay, France

Funding: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's 7th Framework Programme Marie Curie actions, grant agreement PITN-GA-2013-606839.
The objectives of the PACMAN* project are to improve the precision and accuracy of the alignment of accelerator components. Two steps of alignment are concerned: the fiducialisation, i.e. the determination of the reference axis of components w.r.t alignment targets, and the initial alignment of components on a common support assembly. The main accelerator components considered for the study are quadrupoles, 15 GHz BPM and RF structures from the Compact LInear Collider (CLIC) project. Different methods have been developed to determine the reference axis of these components with a micrometric accuracy, as well as to determine the position of this reference axis in the coordinate frame of the common support assembly. The tools and methods developed have been validated with success on dedicated test setups using CLIC components. This paper will provide a compilation of the main achievements and results obtained.
* PACMAN is an acronym for a study on Particle Accelerator Components' Metrology and Alignment to the Nanometre scale.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK077

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TUPIK085

HL-LHC Alignment Requirements and Associated Solutions

1893

H. Mainaud Durand, S. Bartolome-Jimenez, T. Dijoud, A. Herty, M. Sosin
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Duquenne, V. Rude
ESGT-CNAM, Le Mans, France

To increase by more than 10 times the luminosity reach w.r.t the first 10 years of the LHC lifetime, the HL-LHC project will replace nearly 1.2 km of the accelerator during the Long Shutdown 3 scheduled in 2024 [1][2][3]. This paper presents the HL-LHC alignment and internal metrology requirements of all the new components to be installed, from the magnet components to the beam instrumentation and vacuum devices. As for the LHC, a combination of Hydrostatic Levelling Sensors (HLS) and Wire Positioning Sensors (WPS) is proposed for the alignment of the main components, but on a longer distance (210 m instead of 50 m), generating technical challenges for the installation of the stretched wire and for the maintenance of the alignment systems. Innovative measurements methods and instrumentation are under study to perform the position monitoring inside a cryostat of cold masses and crab cavities, in a cold (2K) and radioactive (1 MGy/year) environment, as well as to carry remote measurements in the tunnel of the intermediary components. The proposed solutions concerning the determination of the position and the re-adjustment of the components are detailed in this paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK085

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TUPIK098

Micrometric Propagation of Error Using Overlapping Streched Wires for the CLIC Pre-Alignment

1935

H. Mainaud Durand
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J. Pfingstner
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
V. Rude
ESGT-CNAM, Le Mans, France

The geodetic network for the Compact LInear collider (CLIC) will consist of a combination of overlapping wires stretched in parallel and Wire Positioning Sensors (WPS). Such a configuration will limit the propagation of errors (maximum deviation w.r.t. a fit line) below 10 micrometres over 200 metres. These first results were obtained through simulations in 2009, with hypotheses remaining to be validated. New experimental results have been obtained allowing to reconsider the precision and accuracy of WPS sensors and the knowledge of stretched wires. This paper presents the experimental results obtained on dedicated calibration benches and on a facility made of three overlapping stretched wires over a length of 140 metres including WPS sensors measurements. It confirms the possibility to have a propagation of error below 10 micrometres using overlapping stretched wires combined with WPS sensors.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK098

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TUPIK108

Beam Based Alignment Studies for the CLARA FEL Test Facility

1971

J.K. Jones, N. Thompson
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The CLARA (Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications) test facility is designed to experimentally demonstrate innovative FEL schemes for future light source applications. Such schemes can place strict requirements on the accelerator beam properties as well as the relative alignment of the beam in the FEL radiators and modulators. Beam-based alignment (BBA) of the FEL section is therefore an operational requirement for all advanced FEL facilities. In this paper we demonstrate results of CLARA BBA simulations, and also report initial simulation results from the use of non-linear algorithms to optimise the FEL performance directly.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPIK108

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