The Laser MegaJoule, a 176-beam laser facility developed by CEA, is located near Bordeaux. It is part of the French Simulation Program, which combines improvement of theoretical models used in various domains of physics and high performance numerical simulation. It is designed to deliver about 1.4 MJ of energy on targets, for high energy density physics experiments, including fusion experiments. The LMJ technological choices were validated on the LIL, a scale-1 prototype composed of 1 bundle of 4-beams. The first bundle of 8-beams was commissioned in October 2014 with the implementation of the first experiment on the LMJ facility. The operational capabilities are increasing gradually every year until the full completion by 2026. By the end of 2025, 22 bundles of 8-beams will be assembled (full scale) and 19 bundles are expected to be fully operational. As the assembly of the laser bundles is coming to an end and before to be in full operation, we propose to make a status report on the LMJ/PETAL installation. We will present the major software developments done for theses 2 past years, the latest experimental results and the new challenges to keep this facility at its best operating level. Key words: Laser facility, LMJ, PETAL, Control System Glossary: LMJ: Laser MegaJoule CEA: Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives LIL : Ligne d’Intégration Laser

It is 2025 and the SKA Telescope Control System has come a long way since the start of construction. The outline of the software architecture and some key technology decisions (including the choice of Tango) were made early. To keep the geographically distributed teams engaged, and avoid creating silos and fragmentation, development of virtually all the software components started in parallel; often while the detailed designs for the custom hardware was still evolving and before the COTS equipment was selected. The deployment strategy was adjusted to align with the industry trends. From designing a software system for hardware that does not exist we arrived at the point where we can prove that the software can actually work with the hardware. However, the software design and implementation meeting reality uncovered some issues, forcing us to make changes (ska-tango-base) and learn hard lessons (naive implementation of event callbacks). Are we ready to deliver a large distributed control system? We realize that scalability will be a challenge. This paper provides an honest overview of what works and what did not work so well, and how we address issues.

A Muon Linear accelerator (Muon Linac) for the muon g-2/EDM experiment is currently under construction at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). The objective of this project is to accelerate thermal muons (25 meV at 300 K) to 212 MeV, marking the world’s first implementation of muon acceleration. Development of the control system for the Muon Linac began in 2024. Core functionalities of the Ultra-Slow Muon section have been tested during beam time in May 2025. The system adopts the standard EPICS framework and features a compact architecture consisting of (a) a QNAP NAS for disk storage, (b) two operator terminals, and (c) two commercial micro servers serving as the EPICS IOC and the archiver server, respectively. This paper reports on the status of the control system development for the Ultra-Slow Muon section, as part of the first phase of the Muon Linac project. Toward the full commissioning of the entire Muon Linac in 2028, the prospects for extending the present control system to the main Linac components are discussed.

EuAPS (EuPRAXIA Advanced Photon Source) is a project carried out in the EuPRAXIA context and financed by the Italian Ministry in the Recovery Europe plan framework. A new advanced betatron radiation source, obtained by exploiting plasma LWFA, is currently being realized at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati of INFN in Italy and will be operated as user facility. Several elements of EuAPS are remotely controlled, such as laser diagnostic devices, motors and vacuum system components. In order to efficiently run the facility, the realization of a robust and performing control system is crucial. The EuAPS control system is based on EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) open-source software framework. Functional safety systems such as Machine Protection System (MPS) and Personnel Safety System (PSS) in accordance with IEC-61508 standards are also integrated for interlocks control, anomalies monitoring and for protecting the personnel from hazardous areas. In this contribution, details on how the EuAPS control system has been projected and realized will be provided.

The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory's upgrade to the LCLS-II, featuring a 4 GeV superconducting linear accelerator with 37 cryomodules and two helium refrigeration systems supporting 4 kW at 2.0 K, represents a significant advancement in accelerator technology. Central to this upgrade is a 2K system with five stages of centrifugal cold compressors, operating across a pressure range from 26 mbar suction to 1.2 bara discharge*. These dynamic centrifugal compressors have a limited operational envelope hence maintaining stable pressure and flow is critical for its operation. This paper describes how SLAC achieved stable LINAC pressures in each of the 37 Cryomodule using electrical heaters compensating actively to the changes in RF power to maintain constant flow through the system. Additionally, this paper details the power accuracy of these heaters, which can be useful not only for control, but also when measuring cavity efficiency.

A challenge that industrial particle accelerators face is the high amounts of noise in sensor readings. This noise obscures essential beam diagnostic and operational data, limiting the amount of information that is relayed to machine operators and beam instrumentation engineers. Machine learning-based techniques have shown great promise in isolating noise patterns while preserving high-fidelity signals, enabling more accurate diagnostics and performance tuning. Our work focuses on the implementation of a real-time FPGA-based noise reduction autoencoder, tested on a Xilinx ZCU104 evaluation kit with the intention of being deployed on industrial particle accelerators in the near future.

The NSLS-II upgrade program investigates the imple-mentation of complex bend magnets based on permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) to achieve ultra-low emit-tance and enhanced brightness. While PMQs provide high field gradients and compact lattice configurations, they also introduce challenges in tunability, thermal stability, radiation resistance, and field quality control. This paper presents progress on the design and assembly of Halbach-style magnets constructed from 16 permanent magnet (PM) wedges. The control system is designed to achieve precise magnetic field quality through a nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) optimization framework. To address this nonlinear MIMO challenge, machine learning approaches are proposed to support assembly objectives. To enable ML inference, edge AI hardware platforms are evaluated and selected based on the specific requirements of the control system.

Abstract The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE ) has completed a significant modernization effort, migrating from the legacy RICE control system to an entirely EPICS-based infrastructure. A key enabler of this transition has been the development and deployment of modular, object-oriented Industrial I/O (IIO) architectures on National Instruments (NI) cRIO platforms. The Industrial I/O framework provides a reusable and scalable system for controlling and monitoring sensors and instruments. It is built around precompiled FPGA bitfiles accessed through NI’s C application programming interface. Where necessary, LabVIEW real-time code integrates seamlessly with EPICS IOCs. This architecture enables clear separation between control logic and hardware interfaces, supports future maintenance with minimal overhead, and accommodates both modern Linux RT cRIO and legacy VxWorks systems. The result is a flexible and resilient method for managing and improving complex control architectures across LANSCE. This contribution outlines how IIO enables hardware reuse by treating NI cards as modular components with shared logic, abstracting low-level FPGA interaction, and standardizing configurations through parameterized bitfiles and EPICs startup files. The poster and discussion focus on how this approach supports object-like behavior to improve maintainability, scalability, and cross-platform deployments of EPICS-compatible systems. LA-UR-25-24051

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is currently developing new hardware description language (HDL) code and embedded software for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) control system. Part of this effort is modernizing the development process itself, leveraging methodologies and tools that were initially targeted at the software world. These methods include effective source control and project management, modularization and rapid deployment of updated code, automated testing, and in many cases automated code generation. HDL designers additionally face unique challenges compared to software designers, particularly with vendor locking and dependency on particular tools and IP. The FPGA Firmware Framework (FWK), developed by DESY, is a set of tools that helps to both apply these modern methods and to overcome some of those unique challenges. This paper will cover the workflow, successes, and challenges faced when using the FWK. In particular, we will focus on the experience using this workflow to develop a customizable delay generator IP targeting a Zynq FPGA.

A proton pulse charge calculation algorithm in the Beam Power Limiting System (BPLS) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) was developed and implemented in an FPGA. The algorithm calculates one-minute running average of the pulse charges and issues a fault to the Personal Protection System (PPS) and the Machine Protection System (MPS) when a limit is reached. A bit-accurate model of the algorithm was first developed and tested in Matlab® and then implemented and simulated in VHDL using Vivado® design environment. Finally, the algorithm was verified on a µTCA-based hardware platform.

The LCLS-II is the first X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) to utilize continuous-wave superconducting accelerator technology (CW-SCRF), capable of delivering X-ray pulses at repetition rates up to 1 MHz. The LCLS-II fast wire scanner motion control system, based on the Aerotech Ensemble controller, is designed to measure the beam profile across both high and low repetition rates. To effectively and timely analyse the motion trajectory of the fast wire scanner, we have developed a data stream pipeline that transmits high-precision profile data from the Ensemble controller to the LCLS-II server. This system integrates the motion profile into the EPICS control system, displaying the scan profile in real time via a PyDM GUI. This paper outlines the design of the data transmission pipeline and the software development process.

Many control algorithms or optimisation procedures profit from a consistent set of data which is available with a high frequency: e.g. machine learning or automated commissioning. Modern distributed control systems allow combining and presenting data based on data models, which are then transported consistently over the network: e.g. EPICS7 introduced these data models as normative types or their combination. In this paper we present use cases that profit from combining data sub-models to a consistent higher order data model. These are today typically implemented in some programming language. The authors present use cases that can profit from a consistent robust combination of data sub-models of many devices to a higher order model. Finally common patterns are presented which could be reasonable to implement independently.

The power supplies used for FOFB correctors at SIRIUS expose only electrical current values, making it necessary to perform conversions to and from beam kick values. To take advantage of the canonical Python implementation of this conversion, a separate IOC was developed using pyEPICS and PCASPy. This technology stack imposed some limitations, making it necessary to limit the update rate, and, even then, requiring one independent instance of the IOC per ring sector (20 in total) to avoid PV timeouts and disconnects; disconnection events when one of the power supplies was down also had cascading issues with reconnection and memory corruption. This motivated us to pursue more modern alternatives for integrating Python code into an IOC, specifically one that could take advantage of the Channel Access (CA) integration already present in EPICS databases, avoiding any of the bridges between CA and Python. We evaluated the pythonSoftIOC project and the pyDevice and pyDevSup support modules, which we present in this work. We settled on pyDevSup due to the development experience it provided. This work also presents benchmarks comparing the performance gains with the new IOC and aims to explore the architecture differences that enabled them.

The Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerating System (ATLAS) facility at Argonne National Laboratory is a National User Facility capable of delivering ion beams from hydrogen to uranium. The existing tune archiving system, which utilizes Corel’s Paradox relational data-base management software, is responsible for retrieving and restoring machine parameters from previously optimized configurations. However, the Paradox platform suffers from outdated support, a proprietary programming language, and limited functionality, prompting the need for a modern replacement. To address these limitations, ATLAS is transitioning to a new archiving system based on PySide for the user interface, InfluxDB for time-series data storage, and FastAPI for backend communication.

To meet the stringent requirements of beam commissioning at the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), China’s first fourth-generation high-energy synchrotron light source, a new high-level application (HLA) framework named Pyapas was developed entirely in Python. Designed for flexibility and maintainability, Pyapas serves as the foundation for all HLAs at HEPS, supporting tasks such as orbit correction, optics measurement, and machine modeling. Since early 2023, Pyapas-based HLAs have been successfully applied during the commissioning of the Linac, booster, and storage ring, contributing to key milestones including first light in October 2024. This paper summarizes the major developments and applications of HLAs at HEPS and outlines the direction of future work.

Sardana* and Taurus\*\* are community-driven, open-source SCADA solutions that have been used for over a decade in scientific facilities, including synchrotrons (ALBA, DESY, MAX IV, SOLARIS) and laser laboratories (MBI-Berlin). Taurus is a Python framework for building both graphical and command-line user interfaces that support multiple control systems or data sources. Sardana, is an experiment orchestration tool that provides a high-level hardware abstraction and a sequence engine. It follows a client-server architecture built on top of the TANGO control system\*\*\*. In the last two years, significant developments have been made in both projects. Sardana focused on enhancing continuous scans, introducing multiple synchronization descriptions to support passive elements (e.g. shutters) and detectors reporting at different rates. The configuration tool has also been extended, following the roadmap defined by the community\*\*\*\*. Taurus has seen substantial performance gains, particularly in GUI startup times, as part of an optimization effort that started nearly three years ago. Latest improvements take profit of new TANGO event subscription asynchronous modes\*\*\*\*\*. Continuous codebase modernization is underway, and support for Qt6 is planned for the July 2025 release. This presentation will overview these recent advancements in both Sardana and Taurus and outline their current development roadmap.

The High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project at CERN aims to increase the integrated luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). As an important milestone of the HL-LHC project, the scope of the Inner Triplet (IT) String test facility is to represent the various operation modes and the controls environment to study and validate the collective behaviour of the different systems. As for the HL-LHC, the IT String operation requires a wide-ranging set of control systems and software for magnet powering, magnet protection, cryogenics, insulation vacuum, and the full remote alignment. An overview of the control systems and their interfaces is presented with a particular focus on the software layers essential for the powering and magnet protection tests during the IT String validation program. Ensuring integration of the new HL-LHC device types and their operational readiness requires close collaboration between development teams, equipment owners and the IT String operation team which is validated by dedicated Dry Run tests. These tests aiming to validate the functionalities of new device types within the control and software applications are described in detail, with the goal of achieving a smooth transition to the magnet powering phase. The IT String facility presents a unique opportunity to validate all control and software layers ahead of the HL-LHC hardware commissioning (HWC) within the LHC complex and their operation in the High Luminosity era.

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems traditionally acquire data from PLCs through polling. The Time Stamped Push Protocol (TSPP), on the other hand, enables a PLC to timestamp and push data to the SCADA at its own discretion. The Vacuum Control Systems for CERN accelerators are primarily built on a dedicated Vacuum Framework, which relies on polling and is therefore subject to its limitations. Implementing TSPP would thus be an important improvement. TSPP needs software on the PLC – a Data Manager - to determine what data to push, when to push it, and how to package it into the correct format. Due to its particular data model, implementing TSPP for the Vacuum Framework required the development of a dedicated Data Manager. Additionally, while most current systems with TSPP have a single PLC per SCADA instance, Vacuum Framework applications often involve hundreds. Given that no data was available on the impact that large numbers of PLCs pushing data to a SCADA system might have, extensive testing was required. In particular, the relationship between server load and the effective rate of received values was studied to assess performance at scale. This paper details the implementation of TSPP for the Vacuum Framework, its Data Manager design, and the testing carried out to validate the protocol and assess its performance limits in order to ensure a smooth deployment.