<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xml>
  <records>
    <record>
       <contributors>
          <authors>
             <author>Xiao, M.</author>
             <author>Brandenburg, S.</author>
             <author>Delaviere, T.</author>
             <author>Dupuy, L.</author>
             <author>Goethem, M.J.</author>
             <author>Stulle, F.</author>
          </authors>
       </contributors>
       <titles>
          <title>
             Beam Current Measurements at the Nano-Ampere Level Using a Current Transformer
          </title>
       </titles>
       <publisher>JACoW Publishing</publisher>
       <pub-location>Geneva, Switzerland</pub-location>
		 <isbn>2673-5350</isbn>
		 <isbn>978-3-95450-241-7</isbn>
		 <electronic-resource-num>10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2022-MOP33</electronic-resource-num>
		 <language>English</language>
		 <pages>121-124</pages>
       <keywords>
          <keyword>experiment</keyword>
          <keyword>proton</keyword>
          <keyword>electron</keyword>
          <keyword>electronics</keyword>
          <keyword>controls</keyword>
       </keywords>
       <work-type>Contribution to a conference proceedings</work-type>
       <dates>
          <year>2022</year>
          <pub-dates>
             <date>2022-12</date>
          </pub-dates>
       </dates>
       <urls>
          <related-urls>
              <url>https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2022-MOP33</url>
              <url>https://jacow.org/ibic2022/papers/mop33.pdf</url>
          </related-urls>
       </urls>
       <abstract>
          In conventional proton therapy (PT) typical beam currents are of the order of 1 nA. At these currents dose monitoring is reliably achieved with an ionization chamber. However, at the very high dose rates used in FLASH irradiations (employing beam currents &gt;100 nA) ionization chambers will exhibit large intensity dependent recombination effects and cannot be used. A possible solution is a current transformer. Here we report on the performance of the LC-CWCT (Bergoz Instrumentation, France) which has been developed to push noise floor of such non-destructive current measurement systems into the nano-ampere range. We present first beam current measurements at the PARTREC cyclotron (Netherlands). Beam currents measured by the LC-CWCT and a Faraday Cup were shown to linearly correlate up to the maximum intensity of 400 nA used in the measurements. For pulsed beams, charge measured by the LC-CWCT linearly correlated with pulse length over the measurement range from 50 to 1000 µs. Measurement noise as low as 2.8 nA was achieved. The results confirm that the LC-CWCT has the potential to be applied in FLASH PT for accurate determination of beam current and macro pulse charge.
       </abstract>
    </record>
  </records>
</xml>
