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<xml>
  <records>
    <record>
       <contributors>
          <authors>
             <author>Patel, Z.</author>
             <author>Cheng, W.</author>
             <author>George, A.</author>
             <author>Hale, S.H.</author>
             <author>Marziani, M.V.</author>
             <author>Mercado, R.</author>
             <author>Ramezani Moghaddam, A.</author>
             <author>Reeves, M.</author>
             <author>Sharma, G.</author>
             <author>Tripathi, S.</author>
          </authors>
       </contributors>
       <titles>
          <title>
             The Cryogenic Undulator Upgrade Programme at Diamond Light Source
          </title>
       </titles>
       <publisher>JACoW Publishing</publisher>
       <pub-location>Geneva, Switzerland</pub-location>
		 <isbn>2673-7035</isbn>
		 <isbn>978-3-95450-224-0</isbn>
		 <electronic-resource-num>10.18429/JACoW-FLS2023-WE4P36</electronic-resource-num>
		 <language>English</language>
		 <pages>211-214</pages>
       <keywords>
          <keyword>vacuum</keyword>
          <keyword>undulator</keyword>
          <keyword>MMI</keyword>
          <keyword>cryogenics</keyword>
          <keyword>insertion-device</keyword>
       </keywords>
       <work-type>Contribution to a conference proceedings</work-type>
       <dates>
          <year>2024</year>
          <pub-dates>
             <date>2024-01</date>
          </pub-dates>
       </dates>
       <urls>
          <related-urls>
              <url>https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-FLS2023-WE4P36</url>
              <url>http://jacow.org/fls2023/papers/we4p36.pdf</url>
          </related-urls>
       </urls>
       <abstract>
          Diamond Light Source has installed four 2 m long, 17.6 mm period Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulators (CPMUs) as upgrades for crystallography beamlines since 2020, with two more planned within the next year. The CPMUs provide 2 - 3 times more brightness and 2 - 4 times more flux than the pure permanent magnet (PPM) devices they are replacing. They have been designed, built, and measured in-house. All four have a 4 mm minimum operating gap and are almost identical in their construction: the main difference being an increase in the number of in-vacuum magnet beam support points from four to five, between CPMU-1 and CPMUs 2 - 4, to better facilitate shimming, particularly at cold temperatures. The ability to shim at cryogenic temperatures necessitated the development of an in-vacuum measurement system. The details of the measurement system will be presented alongside the mechanical and cryogenic design of the undulators; including issues with the magnet foils, and the shimming procedures and tools used to reach the tight magnetic specifications at room temperature and at 77 K.
       </abstract>
    </record>
  </records>
</xml>
