JACoW is a publisher in Geneva, Switzerland that publishes the proceedings of accelerator conferences held around the world by an international collaboration of editors.
@inproceedings{nuttens:cyclotrons2022-thpo009,
author = {V. Nuttens and P. Cailliau and Q. Flandroy and W.J.G.M. Kleeven and J. Mandrillon and Ph. Velten},
title = {{Vacuum Model of the C400 Cyclotron for Hadrontherapy}},
% booktitle = {Proc. CYCLOTRONS'22},
booktitle = {Proc. 23rd Int. Conf. Cyclotrons Appl. (CYCLOTRONS'22)},
pages = {317--320},
paper = {THPO009},
language = {english},
keywords = {vacuum, cyclotron, injection, extraction, hadrontherapy},
venue = {Beijing, China},
series = {International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications},
number = {23},
publisher = {JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland},
month = {10},
year = {2023},
issn = {2673-5482},
isbn = {978-3-95450-212-7},
doi = {10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-THPO009},
url = {https://jacow.org/cyclotrons2022/papers/thpo009.pdf},
abstract = {{Since 2020, NHa and IBA collaborate on the development of the C400 cyclotron dedicated to hadron therapy. This machine accelerates C⁶⁺ and He²⁺ up to 400 MeV/n and H²⁺ up to 260 MeV/n. The H²⁺ is extracted by stripping and the other particles by electrostatic extraction. Vacuum management in the injection line and in the cyclotron are of prime importance to avoid large beam losses. Indeed, C⁶⁺ ions are subjected to charge exchange during collision with the residual gas. On the opposite, H²⁺ will suffer from molecular binding break up. According to cross section data, the constraints on the residual gas pressure is driven by C⁶⁺ in the injection line and by H²⁺ in the cyclotron. An electrical equivalent model of the vacuum system of the cyclotron, its injection and extraction lines has been developed in LTSpice® software to determine the pressure along the particle path. Contributions from outgassing surfaces, O-ring outgassing and permeation are included and vacuum pump requirement could be obtained. The expected beam transmission is then evaluated based on cross sections available from the literature.}},
}