<xml>
  <records>
    <record>
       <contributors>
          <authors>
             <author>De Villiers, J.G.</author>
             <author>Broodryk, J.I.</author>
             <author>Conradie, J.L.</author>
             <author>Nemulodi, F.</author>
             <author>Thomae, R.W.</author>
             <author>Yang, J.J.</author>
             <author>Zhang, T.J.</author>
          </authors>
       </contributors>
       <titles>
          <title>
             Numerical Orbit Tracking in 3D Through the Injector Cyclotron for Heavy Ions at iThemba LABS
          </title>
       </titles>
		 <publisher>JACoW</publisher>
       <pub-location>Geneva, Switzerland</pub-location>
		 <isbn>978-3-95450-167-0</isbn>
		 <electronic-resource-num>10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2016-MOP10</electronic-resource-num>
		 <language>English</language>
		 <pages>71-74</pages>
       <pages>MOP10</pages>
       <keywords>
          <keyword>cyclotron</keyword>
          <keyword>acceleration</keyword>
          <keyword>extraction</keyword>
          <keyword>injection</keyword>
          <keyword>emittance</keyword>
       </keywords>
       <work-type>Contribution to a conference proceedings</work-type>
       <dates>
          <year>2017</year>
          <pub-dates>
             <date>2017-01</date>
          </pub-dates>
       </dates>
       <urls>
          <related-urls>
              <url>http://dx.doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-Cyclotrons2016-MOP10</url>
              <url>http://jacow.org/cyclotrons2016/papers/mop10.pdf</url>
          </related-urls>
       </urls>
       <abstract>
          The RF and magnetic fields of the injector cyclotron (SPC2) were modelled in 3D with finite element methods, using OPERA-3d, in an effort to determine the cause of the relative poor beam transmission through the machine in the 8-turn mode. Simulation of the particle motion in SPC2 was done using machine operational parameters for acceleration of 20Ne³⁺. The isochronous magnetic field is calculated from a complete cyclotron magnet model and the electrostatic field distribution from a dee electrode model, using TOSCA. The modelling of the high frequency resonance conditions of the resonators with SOPRANO-EV provided the relative variation of the electric field profiles in the acceleration gaps. A command line program was developed to combine the information of the three models and implement time-dependent control of the electrostatic fields during the particle tracking. In addition, based on calculated data from OPERA-3D, the parallel particle-in-cell code OPAL-CYCL was used to calculate a particle orbit for comparison with OPERA-3d. The models, methods and calculated results will be presented.
       </abstract>
    </record>
  </records>
</xml>
