| Title |
The Secondary Electron Yield from Transition Metals |
| Authors |
- S. Wang, M.D. Cropper
Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- O.B. Malyshevpresenter, E.A. Seddon, R. Valizadeh, S. Wang
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
|
| Abstract |
Non-evaporable getter thin films, which are currently being used in the ultra-high vacuum system of the Large Hadron Collider, normally consist of Ti, Zr and V, deposited by physical vapour deposition. In this study, the secondary electron yield (SEY) of bulk Ti, Zr, V and Hf have been investigated as a function of electron conditioning. The maximum SEYs of as-received Ti, Zr, V and Hf, are respectively 1.96, 2.34, 1.72 and 2.32, these reduce to 1.14, 1.13, 1.44 and 1.18 after electron conditioning. Surface chemical composition was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy which revealed that surface conditioning by electron bombardment promotes the growth of a thin carbon layer on the surface and consequently reduces the SEY of the surface as a function of electron dose. Heating a vanadium sample to 250°C resulted in diffusion of oxygen into the bulk and induced formation of metal carbide at the surface. However, the SEY stays the same even after heat-induced surface chemistry modification. Prolonged electron conditioning increases the surface oxygen but the surface is still predominantly covered with a thin graphitic layer and hence the SEY stays approximately constant.
|
| Paper |
download WEPME057.PDF [0.771 MB / 3 pages] |
| Export |
download ※ BibTeX
※ LaTeX
※ Text/Word
※ RIS
※ EndNote |
| Conference |
IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany |
| Series |
International Particle Accelerator Conference (5th) |
| Proceedings |
Link to full IPAC2014 Proccedings |
| Session |
Poster Session, Messi Area |
| Date |
18-Jun-14 16:00–18:00 |
| Main Classification |
07 Accelerator Technology Main Systems |
| Sub Classification |
T14 Vacuum Technology |
| Keywords |
electron, vacuum, gun, collider, hadron |
| Publisher |
JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland |
| Editors |
Christine Petit-Jean-Genaz (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland); Gianluigi Arduini (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland); Peter Michel (HZDR, Dresden, Germany); Volker RW Schaa (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany) |
| ISBN |
978-3-95450-132-8 |
| Published |
July 2014 |
| Copyright |
|
